India's export competitiveness has been improved by the WTO. The lower tariff has helped integrate with the global economy more efficiently. India's growth and development have been pursued by transferring and exchanging technology and ideas. There is a reduction in cost and time due to market access.

The various challenges faced by political parties are:

• Lack of Internal democracy: Every member of the party does not have a chance to take part in decision making process. Power remains in the hands of a few top leaders, who do not consult ordinary members. 
• Dynastic Succession: The biggest challenge within the political party is the issues of dynastic succession. These parties do not have transparent functioning and always try to give an unfair advantage to their family members. Hence, a political party remains under the control of one family. 
• Money and Muscle Power: Money is needed to organise demonstrations, public meetings and speeches to publicise the image of the party. Parties choose those candidates who can raise money for the party and win elections with their money. 
• Meaningful choice to others: Most of the political parties have the same fundamental and ideological issues. Voters do not have a meaningful choice. 

Role of WTO is as follows:

1. WTO focuses more on the interests of developed countries and takes decisions in their favor.
2. To promote an integrated, more viable, and durable trading system.
3. To facilitate the optimal use of the world's resources for sustainable development.
4. Despite the rules and regulations made by WTO to promote free trade among member nations; developed countries are imposing more restrictions and creating more trade barriers than underdeveloped countries.

The major challenge faced by jute industry are:

1. The expanding market of synthetic fibre.
2. India is facing high cost production and stiff international competition, especially from Bangladesh, and international market like Brazil and Philippines are also giving serious challenges to India.
3. Continuous decline in the demand for jute due to an increase in the demand of its substitutes is another major problem faced by this industry.

an organization of people who do the same job or who have the same interests or aims

Apart from the national parties, most of the major parties of the country are classified by the Election Commission of India as ‘state parties.' These are also referred to as regional parties. The following points explain the role of regional political parties in Indian politics

1. These parties need not always be regional in their ideology. Parties like All India Trinamool Congress, Rashtriya Janata Dal, Samajwadi Party, Samata Party, have a national level political organisation with units present in several states.
   Some parties like Mizo National Front and Biju Janata Dal, are conscious about their state identity.
2. Since 1996, there has been no national party that was able to secure on its own a majority in Indian Lok Sabha. The national parties have been compelled to form an alliance with the state parties to come to power. Thus, this has helped in the increase in the number and strength of the regional parties. This, in turn, has contributed to the federalism and democracy in our country being further strengthened.
3. This situation is applicable to state politics as well. If a party is unable to win the required number of seats in the Legislative Assembly, a coalition among a number of regional and/or national parties is the only option.
4. If a regional party has a stronghold in the centre, the region from which the party hails will automatically get a solid platform and again this could be detrimental to the conditions in the other states.
5. Regional parties play a vital role in Indian politics and their influence is important in the Central Government planning process and decisions, apart from their significance in particular region or state. In the 16th Lok Sabha election, Bharatiya Janata Party got an absolute majority which made the end of the era of Coalition Government in centre. This emphatic victory has re-opened the question of [alliance amongst regional parties in our country.

The Great Depression of 1929 affected the farmers and the middle class in India in the following ways:

1. In the 19th century, India had become an exporter of agricultural goods and importer of manufactured goods. The depression affected Indian trade, India’s exports and imports were halved between 1928 and 1934. As the international prices crashed, wheat prices in India fell by 50 percent.
2. Agricultural prices began to fall and finally collapsed in 1930. This further decreased the demand for agricultural goods.
3. It became difficult for the peasants to sell their harvest and pay revenues. Indebtedness increased.
4. Because of falling prices, those who had fixed incomes, in urban areas like people who received rents, middle-class salaried employes, became better off. Everything costs less. Industrial investments also grew as the government extended tariff protection.

Values that make democracy better: * Provides equality among citizens. * Enhances the dignity of the individual. * Improves the quality of decision making. * Provides methods to resolve conflicts.

The important aspect of the caste system. The communities or groups of people were placed in a sort of ladder where each caste was either above or below the other. Those who placed themselves at the top of this ladder called themselves upper caste and saw themselves as superior.

1929-30

Globalization makes the structuration of new forms and types of groups and social relationships a key conceptual problem for sociology. But its impact also highlights the generative processes for new sociological concepts. Recent writing on globalization has asserted that it has a profound impact on social life.

The vernacular newspapers were assertively nationalist. They openly criticized and debated the government policies. Hence, Vernacular Press Act was passed to give extensive powers to the government to censor reports and editorials in Vernacular languages. 

Features of Indian secularism are : Equal respect and recognition for all religions by the state. No discrimination by the state on the basis of religion. Non-interference in the functioning of any religion by the state.

1. Nationalism is a feeling of people within state territory, which makes them develop a sense of collective identity and shares history or descent. This feeling works as a binding force among people.
2. Before 1789, France was under the absolute monarchy. With the French revolution, Monarch was thrown out and a sovereign body of French citizens was established.

This revolution made France the nation-state and made many political and constitutional changes like:

1. The idea of the fatherland and citizen was created to put stress on a community which enjoyed equal rights under the constitution.
2. A new French flag was adopted to replace the former royal standard.
3.  The Estates General was elected by the body of active citizens and given the name of the National Assembly.
4. Centralized administration and uniform civil laws were made for citizens.
5. Uniform weighing and measurement system were adopted.
6. French became the national language of France.
7.  In the name of the nation, new hymns and songs were composed and oaths were taken.
8. Martyrs were honoured.

All these changes give a clear expression of collectivism and gave people true power to shape the destiny of France. Thus, France became a nation-state and the world got a clear expression of nationalism through the French revolution.

Most people tend to be very critical of political parties because​ -

• The current political situation clearly defines that the present agenda of the most of the political parties is to dominate in the competition of the different mainstream political parties and the real serving works for the human society is now getting a secondary position in the agenda list.

• Due to the social media availability,the scams and the negative sides of the politics are now well exposed to the mass population. This was not possible in the previous decades due to the unavailability of the efficient mass communication system.

• Due to above mentioned reasons,the people are now becoming very critical and sceptical about the existing political parties.

An almanac was an annual publication which gave data regarding astronomy, information about the movement of the moon and the sun, the time of full tides and eclipse etc.