International resources are the resources which are regulated by some international institutions.The International Resource Privilege is the power to transfer ownership or freely dispose of the natural resources of a country by the authority that countries give to the current leadership or government of that country.

The 1848 revolution of the liberals refers to the various national movements pioneered by educated middle classes alongside the revolts of the poor, unemployed and starving peasants and workers in Europe. While in countries like France, food shortages and widespread unemployment during 1848 led to popular uprisings, in other parts of Europe (such as Germany, Italy, Poland and the Austro-Hungarian Empire), men and women of the liberal middle classes came together to voice their demands for the creation of nation-states based on parliamentary principles. In Germany, for example, various political associations comprising middle-class professionals, businessmen and prosperous artisans came together in Frankfurt to form an all-German National Assembly. This Frankfurt parliament drafted a constitution for a German nation to be headed by a monarchy subject to a parliament. Though such liberal movements were ultimately suppressed by conservative forces, the old order could never be restored. The monarchs realised that the cycles of revolution and repression could only be ended by granting concessions to the liberal-nationalist revolutionaries. The political, social and economic ideas supported by the liberals were clearly based on democratic ideals. Politically, they demanded constitutionalism with national unification—a nation-state with a written constitution and parliamentary administration. They wanted to rid society of its class-based partialities and birth rights. Serfdom and bonded labour had to be abolished, and economic equality had to be pursued as a national goal. The right to property was also significant in the liberals’ concept of a nation based on political, social and economic freedom.

The First World War deeply affected India though it was under the British rule at that time. The Following points state its impact
(i) The British Government raised taxes, custom duties and income taxes in India to finance the war expenditures.
(ii) Villagers and farmers were forcefully recruited in the British army.
(iii) There was a rise the prices of food and other essential things.

1. Economic growth has a single dimension; Economic development is multi-dimensional.
2. Economic growth reflects only quantitative changes; Economic development shows both quantitative and qualitative changes.
3. Economic growth shows the change in output; Economic development shows changes in the output along with technology and institutional arrangements.
4. Economic growth is spontaneous; Economic development is either regulated or controlled.
5. Economic growth is possible without development; economic development is not possible without growth.

Role of Mazzini in the unification of Italy were: 

(i) Giuseppe Mazzini was an Italian revolutionary, born in Genoa in 1807. 

(ii) He became member of various secret societies such as ‘Young Italy’ or ‘Young Europe’. 

(iii) He attempted revolution in Liguria. 

(iv) He wanted unification with wider alliance of nations. 

(v) He frightened conservatives through opposition of monarchy and vision of democratic republics. 

(vi) He favoured war for unification of Italy. 

(vii) He wanted Economic development and Political dominance.

The two main basis of social division in Sri Lanka are:
1) Majoritarianism- It means that majority should be given to Sinhalese and
2) English was replaced from the official language by Sinhala only

Some poor landless villagers demanded some land for their economic well-being. Vinoba Bhave could not assure but promised to talk to the government regarding that. Suddenly Shri Ram Chandra Reddy, stood up and offered 80 acres of land to be distributed among 80 landless villagers. This act was known as ‘Bhoodan’. Similarly, some zamindars, owners of many villages, offered to distribute some villages among the landless. It was known as ‘Gramdan’.
This Gramdan & Bhoodan movement was initiated by Vinoba Bhave. It is also known as the ‘Bloodless Revolution’.

(i) The responsibility of German unification was taken by Ottovan Bismarck, the chief minister of Prussia.
(ii) Otto von Bismarck was the chief architect of German unification.
(iii) Three wars over seven years- with Austria, Denmark and France, ended in Prussian victory and completed the process of unification.
(iv) In January 1871, the Prussian king, William I, was proclaimed German Emperor in a ceremony held at Versailles.
(v) The nation building process in Germany had demonstrated the dominance of Prussian state power.

The average or per capita income is the main criterion for comparing a developed country with an underdeveloped one. Countries with per capita income of Rs 4,53,000 per annum and above in 2004 are called high-income countries, and countries with per capita income of Rs 37,000 or less are called low-income countries. In 2004, India was considered a low-income country because its per capita income was just Rs 28,000. In 2006, the World Development Report to classify countries was based on the average income criterion.

One important condition that would allow women to take up work or do business is Women Empowerment.

It means the social conditions prevalent, which guarantee equality and ability for a woman to enjoy all their rights, get access to resources, income and time, in order to take up employment of their liking or carry out a business for profit. Woman empowerment is aimed the holistic well-being of a woman.

During the 'Age of Revolution', the first insurrection took place in France in July 1830. The Bourbon dynasty, restored during the conservative reaction after 1815, was overthrown by liberal revolutionaries. In its place, a constitutional moarchy with Louis Philippe at is head was installed. This 'July Revolution' led to another insurrection in Brussels and led to Begium becoming independent from the control of the Kingdom of Netherlands. Even before these events, it had been witnessed that France was the political nervecentre of the rest of Europe. Ever since the French Revolution, the political developments in France had direct impact on the rest of the European continent. Hence Metternich said 'When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches cold'.