Sovereignty, in political theory, the ultimate overseer, or authority, in the decision-making process of the state and in the maintenance of order. Sovereignty was originally meant to be the equivalent of supreme power.

First International Earth Summit: It was first International Earth Summit, which was held in June 1992 in Rio de Janerio in Brazil. More than 100 heads of states participated in it.
Object: The Summit was convened for addressing the problems of environmental protection and socio-economic development at the global level.
Achievements:

• The participants signed the Declaration on Global Climatic Changes and Biological Diversity.
• It endorsed the Global forest Principles.
• It adopted Agenda 21 for achieving Sustainable Development in the 21 st century.

Agenda 21: Its aim is to achieve global sustainable development. It is an agenda to combat environmental damage, poverty, disease through global cooperation on common interests, mutual needs and shared responsibilities. One major objective of the Agenda 21 is that every local government should draw its own local Agenda 21

Rainwater harvesting is a technique of collecting and storing rainwater for domestic useRainwater harvesting is a technique of collecting and storing rainwater for domestic use. Three methods of rainwater harvesting followed in different regions of India for:

• Bamboo dripping irrigation system in Meghalaya
• Storing rainwater in underground 'tankas' in Rajasthan
• Kuls or guls are the water diversion channels built mainly in the Himalayan region for agricultural purposes

• Before the middle of the nineteenth century, the countries in Europe were in different.
• Various regions in Europe were ruled by different multi-national dynastic empires.
• These were monarchies which enjoyed absolute power over their subjects.
• Various technological and the ensuing social changes helped in developing the ideas of nationalism. The process of creation of nation states began in 1789, with the French Revolution.
• It took about hundred years for the idea to gain concrete shape which resulted in the formation of France as a democratic nation state.
• The trend was followed in other parts of the Europe and led to the establishment of the modern democratic systems in most parts of the world; at the beginning of 20th century. 

Public Sector :
(i) The government owns most of the assets and provides all the services.
(ii) The purpose of the public sector is not first to earn profits. Government raises money through taxes to meet expenses on the services rendered by it.
(iii) Railways or post office is an example of the public sector.
Private Sector :
(i) Ownership of assets and delivery of services is in the hands of private individuals or companies.
(ii) Activities in the private sector are guided by the motive to earn profit. To get such services we have to pay money to these individuals and companies.
(iii) Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) or Reliance Industries Ltd.(RIL) are examples of private sector.

During the 'Age of Revolution', the first insurrection took place in France in July 1830. The Bourbon dynasty, restored during the conservative reaction after 1815, was overthrown by liberal revolutionaries. In its place, a constitutional moarchy with Louis Philippe at is head was installed. This 'July Revolution' led to another insurrection in Brussels and led to Begium becoming independent from the control of the Kingdom of Netherlands. Even before these events, it had been witnessed that France was the political nervecentre of the rest of Europe. Ever since the French Revolution, the political developments in France had direct impact on the rest of the European continent. Hence Metternich said 'When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches cold'.

Power sharing is true spirit of democracy because
(i) It helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups.
(ii) It is a good way to ensure the stability of the political order.
(iii) Here, people have a right to be consulted on how they are to be governed. Thus, a legitimate government, is one where citizens, through participation, acquire a stake in the system

Lava from valconos, when they cool have little left than crude carbon. Black soil is formed either by this cooled lava or weathering of igneous rocks and hence are comparatively less fertile.

Mere availability of resources does not necessarily guarantee economic development, this is because of the following:

a. There are certain regions which are rich in resources but aren't economically developed.Along with resources, it is imperative to have appropriate technology to ensure optimum utilisation of resources.
b. Regions along with resources require proper institutional set up to make sure that resources are put to use for the development progarmmes.
c. One requires quality human resource as well to ensure proper utilisation of resources.
d. Most importantly, political will, effective implementation mechanism is also required to ensure economic development.
e. We may give example of North east sates which are fairly rich in mineral resources but are considered to be underdeveloped because of lack of appropriate technology, instability in the region etc.
f. On the other hand there are regions which do not have adequate resources but are developed because of the initiative on part of the state governments to import technology .For  example  Bangalore, which does not have abundant resources but  is an IT hub. We may also give example of Delhi, one of the developed regions of India, lacks natural mineral resources but has one of the best infrastructure.Also being the political capital of the country.

• In 1956, an act was passed to recognize Sinhala as the only official language, thus disregarding Tamil.
• University positions and government jobs, favoured Sinhala applicants.
• A new constitution was stipulated to protect and spread Buddhism.