Paul Bernard was a well known French thinker. He opined that the French colonial government should develope the infrasctructure in Vietnam. This, he argued, would make the Vietnamese prosperous and a prosperous local public would provide a better market for French goods. He also advocated implementation of land reforms in order to improve the farm output.

Developmental goals are learning-oriented. They spell out the skills, knowledge and experiences the employee needs to either remain effective in his/her current job or support the employee's ability to take on new responsibilities and grow in his/her career.

The three basic components of HDI to know about the development of the countries is as under:
1.Life expectancy at birth, as an index of population health and longevity
2.Knowledge and education, as measured by the adult literacy rate (with two-thirds weighting) and the combined primary, secondary, and tertiary gross enrolment ratio (with one-third weighting).
3.Standard of living, as measured by the natural logarithm of gross domestic product per capital at purchasing power parity.

Development involves many questions for better life and the ways in which one can work to achieve goals. Since every individual is different from each other, the notion of development also varies. The difference in social and economic positions of the people generally results in different goals of development. 

(i) Power sharing reduces the possibility of conflict between social groups and brings peace in the society.
(ii) Power sharing is the basic spirit of democracy.
(iii) Reservation of seats for women under power sharing leads to women empowerment.

Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs, provided it is technologically accessible and economically feasible and culturally acceptable can be termed as ‘Resource’.
Resources are not free gifts of nature.
These are a function of human activities. Human beings themselves are essential components of resources.
They transform material available in our environment into resources and use them.

A. The search for a national dress was part of this movement to define the cultural identity of the nation in symbolic way.
B. Self conscious experiments with dress engaged men and women of upper classes in many parts if India.
C. Jnanada Nandini Devi, wife of Satyendranath Tagore adopted the Parsi style of wearing sari.
D. The use of khadi was made a patriotic duty.
E. There were also attempts to develop a dress style that would draw on the tradition of different regions.

• Muslim political groups were lukewarm in their response to the Civil Disobedience Movement.
• After the decline of the Non Cooperation -Khilafat movement started , there was a atmosphere of suspicion and distrust between communities.
• Alienated from the Congress large sections of Muslims could not respond to the call for a united struggle.
• Many Muslim leaders and intellectualls expressed their concern about the status of Muslims as a minority within India.
• They feared that the culture and identity of minorities would be submerged under the domination of Hindu majority.
• Dalit participation was limited. They began organiging themselves, demanding reserved seats in educational institutions, and a separate electorate.
• Dr. B.R Ambedkar, who organised the datits into the depressed Classes Assocition in 1930, clashed with mahatma Gandhi at the Second Round Table Conference by demanding separate electorates for dalits.
• Ambedkar ultimately accepted Gandhiji's position and the result was the Poona Pact of September 1932.

Non-cooperation movement started in cities by:
1. Middle-class participation like in educational institutions. Students left the government-controlled institutions. Teachers and lawyers resigned from their jobs
2. In most of the provinces, council elections were boycotted. But in Madras, the Justice party of non-Brahmans did not do so because they wanted power.
3. All foreign goods were boycotted including foreign cloth and liquor. Economic effects:
1. The import of foreign cloth became half by 1922 because its demand had drastically fallen.
2. Merchants and traders refused to handle foreign goods or finance in many places.
3. Indian textile mills and handlooms' demand grew as Indian clothes were now in huge demand.

Money is called a medium of exchange because it is part of the exchange taking place during a transaction.

Right to Be Informed: A consumer has the right to have correct information about a product. There are rules which make it mandatory to mention ingredients and safety features on the pack of a product. Proper information helps a consumer to make informed buying decision. A pack of a product also needs to mention the MRP (Maximum Retail Price) and a consumer can complain if the seller asks for more than the MRP.

Right to Choose: A consumer has the right to choose from different options. A seller cannot just offer to sell only one brand to the consumer. The seller has to offer various options to the consumer. This right is usually enforced through laws against monopoly trade.

Right to Seek Redressal: If a consumer gets affected by false promises made by the producer or suffers because of manufacturing defect; he has the right to seek redressal. Suppose you took a mobile connection and the bill shows many hidden charges which were not explained to you earlier. Or the mobile company activated a ringtone without your permission. Then you can go to the consumer court to put your case.

Major steps that were taken towards decentralisation in 1992 were:

• It was made obligatory to hold elections for choosing members of local governmental institutions
• Seats were reserved for people belonging to scheduled castes and scheduled tribes and other backward classes in local bodies.
• One-third of the seats are reserved for women.
• State Election Commission was constituted in the states for holding elections in government bodies.
• It was made mandatory for the State Governments to share powers and revenues with local bodies.

Peter Norman was an Australian Athlete Norman wore a human rights badge on his shirt during the ceremony to show his support to the dissent of two American Athletes. Norman was not included in the Australian team for the next Olympic. 

The International Olympic Association held Tommie Smith and John Carlos guilty of violating the Olympic spirit by making a political statement and as a result, took back their medals as punishment for the offense. In their native USA, they were subjected to severe criticism and probably had to face persecution at the hands of the more orthodox elements in the American society. However, in hindsight, their action did succeed in attracting international attention to the Civil Rights Movement and condition of the Blacks in the USA.

• There was large scale migration from countryside to cities in search of jobs. Finding a job depended on existing network of friendship and kin relations. People without existing social connections in the cities found it difficult to find a job. Many people had to wait for long periods before they could get a job. Such people often had to spend nights on bridges or in night shelters. Some private individuals set up Night Refuges. The Poor Law authorities maintained Casual Wards for such people.
• Many jobs were seasonal in nature. Once a busy season was over, the poor were once again on the streets. While some people returned to the countryside, many stayed back to look for some odd jobs.
• There was some increase in the wages in the early nineteenth century. It is difficult to arrive at figures from various trades and fluctuations which happened from year to year. The period of employment was also critical in determining the quality of life of a worker. During the best of the times till the mid-nineteenth century, about 10% of urban population was extremely poor. During the periods of economic slump, the unemployment increased anything between 35 and 75%.
• Workers often turned hostile to new technology because of fear of unemployment. For example; when Spinning Jenny was introduced, women began to attack the new machines because they survived on hand spinning.
• After the 1840s, construction activity increased in the cities. This opened greater employment opportunities. The number of workers in the transport industries doubled in the 1840s, and doubled again in the subsequent 30 years.

• The Satyagraha movement was a passive resistance movement. Gandhi called it a passive resistance movement because it was a non-violent non-cooperation movement.
• The Satyagraha movement was a movement by which the Indians refused to buy imported products and refused to British employment and education. The Indians wanted to prove that they were self sufficient and it was the British who were using Indian resources, not the Indians using British resources. The Indians were peaceful which made it a passive resistance.

Narmada Bachao Aandolan linked its opposition to Sardar Sarovar Project with larger issues concerning the nature of ongoing development projects, the efficacy of the model of development that country followed and about what constituted a public interest in a democracy. In the process of construction of the dams 245 from the villages were expected to get submerged. It required relocation of around two and a half Iakh people from the villages. However, its demand to stop the construction of the dam was severely criticised by many as obstructing the process of development, denying access to water and to economic development for many. The Supreme Court upheld the government's decision to go ahead with the construction of the dam while also instructing to ensure proper rehabilitation. Narmada Bachao Aandolan continued a sustained agitation for more than twenty years. It used every available democratic strategy to put forward its demands. These included appeals to the judiciary, mobilisation of support at the international level, public rallies of forms of Satyagraha to convince people about the movement's position.

The main elements of the power-sharing model evolved in Belgium are:

1. Constitution prescribes that the number of Dutch and French-speaking ministers shall be equal in the Central Government. Some special laws require the support of the majority of members from each linguistic group. 
2. Many powers of the Central Government have been given to State Governments of the two regions of the country. 
3. Brussels has a separate government in which both the communities have equal representation. The French-speaking people accepted equal representation in Brussels because the Dutch-speaking community has accepted equal representation in the Central Government.
4. Apart from the central and the state governments, there is a third kind of government called the Community Government.