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Sia ? 6 years, 8 months ago
The following points analyse the role of merchants and the industrialists in the Civil Disobedience Movement:
- During the First World War, Indian merchants and industrialists made huge profits and emerged as a powerful section. They opposed colonial policies that restricted business activities because they wanted to expand their business.
- They wanted protection against imports of foreign goods and a rupee sterling foreign exchange ratio that would discourage imports.
- The industrialists criticised colonial control over the Indian economy and supported the Civil Disobedience Movement at its first stage.
- They gave financial assistance and refused to buy or sell imported goods.
- Most industrialists thought ‘Swaraj’ as a time when colonial restriction did not exist in the business world, as a result, trade and business would flourish without constraints.
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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 8 months ago
- The first was the effect of the worldwide economic depression. Agricultural prices began to fall from 1926 and collapsed after 1930. As the demand for agricultural goods fell and exports declined, peasants found it difficult to sell their harvests and pay their revenue. By 1930, the countryside was in turmoil.
- The Tory government in Britain constituted the Simon Commission to look into the functioning of the Constitutional government in India. The Simon Commission came to India in 1928. Since this Commission had no Indian member, it was greeted with protests and black flags.
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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 8 months ago
Gandhiji decided to launch nationwide satyagraha, and to have hartal on 6th April, to protest against the Rowlatt Act. It involved the following:
a. Rallies were organized in various cities, workers went on strike in railway workshops, and shops closed down.
b. However, such an act was retaliated by the British who picked up local leaders from Amritsar, barred Gandhi from entering Delhi, fired at the peaceful processions, imposed martial law followed by the Jallainwala Bahg tragedy that let loose a reign of terror.
c. Mahatma Gandhi felt the need of organizing a broad based mass movement to paralyze the British administration and to avenge the wrong done in Punjab.
d. The Khilafat agitation , was seen as an opportunity by Gandhiji to unify Hindus and Muslims and to launch a mass movement culminating in the non cooperation movement that brought about boycott of foreign cloth, surrender of titles, boycott of foreign schools and active participation of people.
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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 8 months ago
The feature of Indian Economy are:-
(i) Underutilization of resources – India is endowed with rich natural resources and huge manpower but due to lack of capital and knowledge technology, the resources can’t be exploited and utilized.
(ii) Agriculture is the main occupation – Majority of population depends on agriculture due to underdeveloped manufacturing sector and service sector.
(iii) Low rate of capital formation – Capital formation in the form of roads, dams, bridges, machinery, tools, equipment etc. depends upon the savings of the country. But savings depends upon the national income which is very low in India.
(iv) Population pressure – Due to rapidly growing population in India the comparative national product is very low. This restricts the economic development by creating problems of unemployment and underemployment.
(v) Technological backwardness – Due to lack in technology production is carried out using intensive labour. Less of capital like machinery, tools and equipments is used as compared to labour which hampers productive capacity of the country.
(vi) Unfavourable social and religious condition – In India there are social and cultural institutions like caste system, joint family system, laws of inheritance and succession, child marriage etc. These institutions are serious hindrance to our economic growth. These institutions lower the incentive to work, kill initiative, check mobility of labour and encourage the birth rate.
Posted by Raj Shah 6 years, 8 months ago
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Naruto Uzumaki??? 6 years, 8 months ago
Yogita Ingle 6 years, 8 months ago
- Privileges based on birth were removed.
- Feudal system was abolished and peasants were freed from serfdom and manorial dues.
- In towns, guild restrictions were removed.
- Transport and communication systems were improved.
- Standardised weights, measures and a common national currency were introduced.
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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 8 months ago
Coal is the most abundantly found fossil fuel in India.
Its three major forms are Anthracite, Bituminous and Lignite.
Characteristic of each of the forms are
- Anthracite: It is the highest quality of coal as it is hard in nature.
- Lignite: It is a low grade coal. It is soft with high moisture content.
- Bituminous: It is popularly used in various industries. High grade bituminous coal is used in blast furnaces for smelting iron.
Posted by Sindhu Nair 6 years, 8 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 8 months ago
a. Events of February 1848, France influenced the liberal middle class who combined their demands for nation unification and constitutionalism, there was growing unrest among them. This event had influenced the liberal revolution in 1848. It became an inspiration in entire Europe where independent nations did not exist like Germany, Italy, Poland.
b.There was an increased demand for constitutionalism and national unification by the people.
c. There was a demand for a nation state , freedom of press etc.
d. Rise of political associations, groups among women and growing demand for suffrage and political rights became quite widespread in Europe,
e. Though conservatives were able to suppress liberal movements in 1848,Monarchs realised that the cycles of revolution could only be ended by granting concessions to the liberal-nationalist revolutionaries and by conceding to some of their demands.
f. In the years after 1848, the autocratic monarchies of Central and Eastern Europe began to introduce the changes.
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Absolutist is a form of government where the head of the state or the monarch has absolute authority over the affairs of the nation.
A monarchical government that is centralised, militarised and repressive in nature and function is an example of Absolutist form of government.
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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 8 months ago
The cold war tended to divide world into two rival alliances, it was then that the Non Aligned Movement offered the newly decolonised countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America a third option i.e. not to join any alliance.
The idea of New International Economic Order (NIEO) benefited the decolonised countries.
1. It gave the least developed countries to control over their natural resources exploited by the Western countries.
2. It obtains access to western Market so that LDC s could sell their products and therefore make trade more beneficial for the poorer countries.
3. It reduce the cost of technology from the western countries
4. It also provide the LDCs with a greater role in international economic institution
Thus the third option helped the new decolonised countries.
Posted by Reena Ithape 6 years, 8 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 8 months ago
Alluvial Soils
- These soils are formed by the deposition of sediments brought by rivers.
- They are rich in humus and very fertile.
- They are found in Great Northern plain, lower valleys of Narmada and Tapti and Northern Gujarat. These soils are renewed every year.
Black Soils:
- These soils are made up of volcanic rocks and lava-flow.
- It is concentrated in the parts of Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
- It consists of Lime, Iron, Magnesium and also Potash.
Red Soils:
- These are formed by weathering of ancient metamorphic rocks of Deccan Plateau.
- Due to iron composition these soils are red in color.
- When iron content is lower it is yellow or brown.
- They cover the parts of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Orissa.
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Sia ? 6 years, 8 months ago
Conservatism is a political philosophy that stressed the importance of tradition, established institutions and customs and preferred gradual development to quick change. This philosophy believed that traditional institutions like the church, social hierarchies, property and the family should be preserved against all forces of change.
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