Power sharing is desirable because of two main reasons. They are

• Prudential reason: It reduces any chances of conflicts between social groups. By avoiding conflicts, political stability and unity of the country can be maintained. Dictatorship of the majority community can be oppressive for the minority and can even wreck the majority community as well.
• Moral reason: Power sharing is the true spirit of democracy. Every section of community has the right to be consulted on how they are to be governed. Governance should be carried out keeping in mind the larger interests of each section of the community.

The events of French Revolution which had influenced the people belonging to other parts of Europe:

1. The first uprising happened in July 1830 in France when the Bourbon kings were overthrown by liberal revolutionaries who established constitutional monarchy under Louis Philippe. 
2. In 1848, there was a popular movement in France due to the economic emergency and food shortage. Louis Philippe had to flee.
3. Students and other members of the educated middle class began to set-up Jacobin clubs. Their activities and campaigns prepared the way for the French armies.
4. National Assembly established a republic in France based on universal male suffrage and right to work.
5. The French armies began to carry the idea of nationalism abroad. Thus, created a sense of collective identity.

Reasons for the Nationalist upsurge in the 19th century Europe are as follows:

1. The absolute rulers oppressed the people.
2. The well-known philosophers and leaders spread liberal ideas and visions.
3. The French Revolution provided the inspiration to the people to fight for freedom.
4. The slogan 'Liberty, Equality and Fraternity' became the clarion call for the common people of Europe.
5. The French army and its soldiers began to carry the ideas of nationalism abroad with the outbreak of revolutionary wars.

After the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, European government were driven by a spirit of conservatism. Conservatives believed that:

1. Established traditional institution of state and society like monarchy, church, social hierarchy, property and family should be preserved.
2. Most conservatives believed that they should not return to the society of pre-revolutionary days.
3. They believed that modernization could in fact strengthen traditional institutions like monarchy. It could make the state power more effective and strong.

Slash and burn is  a method of agriculture used in the tropics, in which forest vegetation is felled and burned, the land is cropped for a few years, then the forest is allowed to reinvade.
Salient features of slash and bum agriculture are as follows:

1. Slash and burn agriculture is most often practised in places where open land for farming is not readily available because of dense vegetation.
2. This type of farming is carried out by tribal communities in India.
3. A patch of land is cleared and burned for cultivation for a few years.
4. Digging stick is mainly used for cultivation.
5. Cultivation largely depends on monsoon rains for irrigation and natural fertility of the soil.
6. They grow only sedentary crops like cereals and other crops for their bare sustenance.
7. Land productivity is quite low as farmers do not use fertiliser and other modern inputs.

Aristotle followed the golden mean in his philosophy. According to him, moral behaviour is the mean between two extremes. These two extremes are an excess of something and a complete deficiency of something.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total sum of the value of the final goods and services of the Primary, Secondary and Tertiary sectors of the economy of a country produced during a year.
The counting of the various goods and services for calculating GDP can he understood by the following example
Wheat and Hour are intermediate goods used for making final products like bread and biscuits. Intermediate products should not be counted in the figure of GDP. Biscuits and breads are the final products prepared using flour and other ingredients like sugar, salt, oil etc

To increase employment in urban areas, we will need to carry out the following tasks:

1. Invest in basic industries which provide mass employment.
2. Improve local and intercity transportation, so that more people can be employed to work in the transportation industry.
3. Increase vocational education courses, so as to increase employment venues in this field.
4. Promoting tourism thereby creating job opportunities in this sector.
5. Give incentives for the industry in urban areas to increase their capacity.
6. Promoting small scale industries and also helping the small scale entrepreneurs by providing a loan.

Forest and Wildlife is added.

National Income is total amount of goods and services produced within the nation during the given period say, 1 year. It is the total of factor income i.e. wages, interest, rent, profit, received by factors of production i.e. labour, capital, land and entrepreneurship of a nation.
NI=NNP +Subsidies-Interest Taxes

Chauri Chaura is a small village in the Gorakhpur district of Uttar Pradesh. On 5 February 1922, the police stationed there fired at a group of demonstrators. The demonstrators retaliated by burning down the police station, which caused the death of twenty-two policemen.
Gandhiji had all through the movement emphasized on peace and non-violence. This incident, deeply hurt him and he called off the movement. On 10 March 1922, he was arrested and sentenced to six years imprisonment.
The national movement during eh years AD 1905-1922 turned into a popular movement largely due to the efforts of Gandhiji. In the following years, he was the person who symbolized the attempts of the Indians to secure freedom from British rule.

• The ethnic composition of this small country is very complex. Of the country 's total population, 59% lives in the Flemish region and speak Dutch language
• Another 40%  people live in the Wallonia region and speak French 
• Remaining 1% of the Belgians speak German
• In the capital of Brussels, 80% people speak French while20%areDutchspeaking.Sinhalese (74%), Tamils (18%), Muslims (7%), others (1%). 

The advantages of multi-purpose river projects are as follows:

1. Water can be stored in the form of reservoirs, which can be used for irrigation purposes.
2. They control or eliminate floods.
3. They help in the generation of electricity which is very much important for the development of the industry.
4. They can improve transportation as part of a canal system.
5. They are excellent for fish breeding and other aquatic species.
6. They also help in inland navigation. Such projects can create navigation facility in the country by developing ferrying services for transportation, raise fleet capacity and thereby can reduce the traffic load on rail and road transport.
7. The water can be used for domestic and industrial purpose.
8. Multi-purpose projects can also facilitate to develop recreation facilities in the form of picnic resorts, holiday resorts etc. which are having much commercial viability nowadays.

The disadvantages of multi-purpose river projects are as follows:

1. They cause large-scale displacement of local communities and submergence of trees and vegetation.
2. Regulating and damming of rivers affect their natural flow, causing excessive sedimentation at the bottom of the reservoirs, adding to the problem of land degradation.
3. Dams fragment rivers, making it difficult for aquatic fauna to migrate.
4. Dams were constructed to control floods but they have triggered floods, devastating life and property and causing soil erosion.
5. Big dams have been unsuccessful in controlling floods at the time of excessive rainfall.
6. They have induced earthquakes, caused waterborne diseases and pollution due to excessive use of water.