Holland,Belgium,Switzerland and Italy

England....

Bharat heavy electrical limited... It is a big company..

Bharat Heavy Eectricals Limited

An urban area or urban agglomeration, is a human settlement with high population density and infrastructure of built environment. Urban areas are created through urbanization and are categorized by urban morphology as cities, towns, conurbations or suburbs. In urbanism, the term contrasts to rural areas such as villages and hamlets and in urban sociology or urban anthropology it contrasts with natural environment. The creation of early predecessors of urban areas during the urban revolution led to the creation of human civilization with modern urban planning, which along with other human activities such as exploitation of natural resources leads to human impact on the environment. The world's urban population in 1950 of just 746 million has increased to 3.9 billion in the decades since.[1] In 2009, the number of people living in urban areas (3.42 billion) surpassed the number living in rural areas (3.41 billion) and since then the world has become more urban than rural.[2] This was the first time that the majority of the world's population lived in a city.[3] In 2014 there were 7.2 billion people living on the planet,[4] of which the global urban population comprised 3.9 billion. The Population Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs at that time predicted the urban population would grow to 6.4 billion by 2050, with 37% of that growth to come from three countries: China, India and Nigeria.[1] Urban areas are created and further developed by the process of urbanization. Urban areas are measured for various purposes, including analyzing population density and urban sprawl. Unlike an urban area, a metropolitan area includes not only the urban area, but also satellite cities plus intervening rural land that is socio-economically connected to the urban core city, typically by employment ties through commuting, with the urban core city being the primary labor market.

french artist Frederric Sorrieu

Its not there for syllabus

Indo-China is a peninsula in Southeast Asia lying roughly southwest of China, and east of India. The name has its origins in the French Indochine as a combination of the names of "India" and "China", referring to the location of the territory between those two countries, though the majority of people in the region are neither Chinese nor Indian. The term may also be used in biogeography for the "Indochinese Region", a major biogeographical region within the Indomalaya ecozone. The countries of mainland Southeast Asia received cultural influence from both India and China to varying degrees. Some cultures, such as those of Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Thailand are influenced mainly by India with a smaller influence from China. Others, such as Vietnam, are more heavily influenced by Chinese culture with only minor cultural influences from India, largely via the Champa civilization that Vietnam conquered during its southward expansion. The historical term French Indochina was a federation of French colonies and protectorates, that France named Cochinchina, Tonkin, Annam, Laos and Cambodia. France had an imperial presence in the region between 1884 and 1954. France withdrew from southeast Asia following the loss of the Indochina War.

The soil fertility is mainly refers to ability of various nutrients enrichment is the most important ones as well as which grows a plant very nutrisional ,hygenic and taste . The soil wanted the nutrients such as Nitrogen, manure such as cow dung cake and plant waste ,human waste, Cattle waste which protect the soil from insects and pestics ,the most important is water fertility

Soil fertility mainly refers to the ability of soil or the potential of soil in a particular region to maintain plants growth.

Fertile soil results in high yield and better quality of plants. An ideal fertile soil is rich in fundamental elements and minerals, has good aeration, water holding capacity, and good texture. An ideal fertile soil is a dream of every farmer, especially when farming is a profit-based business. Farmers have to take care of the soil fertility on a monthly basis or at least annually. This can be done both naturally and artificially.

These chapters require understanding If you've understood well then you'll feel yourself that learning is quite easy

1. It does not matter whether the country is small or big. India is a vast country with many communities.India is famous for its diversity.
2. Belgium is a small country with many communities India is famous for its diversity.
3. Even the Muslim countries are divided into Shias and Sunnies.
4. Countries like Germany and Sweden which are considered homogeneous societies are undergoing rapid change because of migration from other parts of the world. Thus social division exists in all parts of the world.

All the suggestions or proposals about overcoming various challenges to democracy are called ‘democratic reforms’ or ‘political reforms’. All the countries do not have the same challenges, thus, the political reforms should be different.
Some of the political reforms which should be implemented in India are given below:

1. The best way to bring out reform in the political system is to adopt a proper constitutional basis according to the public opinion or mandates. Legal and constitutional reforms should be carried out. Some of the acts are century old and need to be amended as per the current needs.
2. There should be people's participation in politics from grass-root to superstructure level. The best example is the Panchayati Raj System and its election processes are now law.
3. Administrative reforms to corruption in the political circles and the bureaucracy. The law of universal literacy should be implemented. Poverty alleviation to provide wages and employment to landless and the poor.
4. Elimination of gender discrimination through social-economic reforms. The regional imbalances should be redressed.
5. Sustainable development in terms of economic, social and environmental reforms.
6. Improve the quality of political parties by competent people’s participation.
7. Democratic reforms are to be brought about principally through political practice. Therefore, the main focus of political reforms should be on ways to strengthen democratic practice. The most important concern should be to increase and improve the quality of political participation by ordinary citizens.

Federalism is a system of government in which the power is divided between a central authority and various constituent units of the country. Federal governments have two or more tiers of government. In a federal form of government, the central government shares its powers with the various constituent units of the country. Both types of governments enjoy independent powers and are separately answerable to the people. For example, in India, power is divided between the Central Government and the various State governments. In a unitary form of government, either there is one level of government or the sub-units are subordinate to the Central government. In this, the Central government can pass orders to the provincial or the regional government. For example, in Sri Lanka, the national government has all the powers.

Communalism is an ideology of political allegiance to a religious community. It means a belief that people who follow a particular religion have common social, economic and political interests.
(i) Jawaharlal Nehru described communalism as the Indian version of fascism. He stated that though minor communalism is born out of fear and major communalism takes the form of political reaction, it may be caused by several factors like :
(ii) Historical Background : A major factor which led to the growth of communalism in India was “British Imperialism”. In keeping with their colonial designs they encouraged the policy of divide and rule. The British encouraged communal politics and introduced separate electorates. People at that time were not treated as Indians but as members of religious communities.
(iii) Socio Economic Causes: On gaining independence India was an imbalanced, stagnant and underdeveloped country. There emerged competition for the limited resources of the country. Due to poverty or want, vested interests found an easy way to mobilise people on caste, communal and religious basis to demand a better share.
(iv) Role of Political Parties: Many political parties are based on religion and use religion as a vote bank. They keep religious identity and allegiances alive.

Check revision notes here : https://mycbseguide.com/cbse-revision-notes.html

Don't check in this app they r incomplete ?..u can check on edurev.

Edu mantra

he main elements of the Belgium model of power-sharing includes:

(i) Constitution prescribes that the number of Dutch and French-speaking ministers shall be equal in the Central Government. Some special laws require the support of a majority of members from each linguistic group. Thus, no single community can make decisions unilaterally.

(ii) Many powers of the Central Government have been given to State Governments of the two regions of the country. The State Governments are not subordinate to the Central Government.

(iii) Brussels had a separate government in which both the communities have equal representation. The French-speaking people accepted equal representation in Brussels because the Dutch-speaking community has accepted equal representation in the Central Government.

The non-cooperation movement started with the participation of middle-class people in the cities in the following manner:-

a) The middle class in cities began participation in noncooperation movement.

b) Headmasters, teachers and thousands of students left schools

c) Lawyers gave up their professions.

The economic impact was that every foreign good was boycotted and the production of Indian textile boosted.

The import of foreign goods declined"

Factories in India

In 1854, the first cotton mill in Bombay was established.

In 1862, four more cotton mills were started.

In 1855, the first jute mill was established in Bengal.

With the advent of cotton and jute mills factories can into existence in India.

The natural resources of a country can contribute significantly to its economic development through increasing production and manufacturing, securing energy supply, increasing export revenues and reducing costs for local businesses and households. The extraction of natural resources can be done on a number of scales.
 

You can check the marking scheme in the syllabus here : https://mycbseguide.com/cbse-syllabus.html

• Province is defined as a unit of a country that is created with administrative point of view.

• A state is also defined as a smaller territory that adds up to make a federation, such as US.

Terms of credit are the requirements need to be satisfied for any credit arrangements. However, the terms of credit vary depending upon the nature of the lender, borrower and loan.

Because there were no rights for tamilians in sri lanka as sinhalas were given all rights so they felt alienated..........

Power sharing is most important for a country.....

We learn that begium took initiatives for making up the Constitution and to become unite and to live together.... They used the policy of accommodation....but in sri lanka sinhalas dominated the other community......they used the policy of majoritism..... Thank u for reading this... If u like just click on 'thx'

Because there is so much area for agriculture and cultivation. Farming is the occupation of most of people in our country.

There are too 2marks and 5marks questions as well

You can study from xam idea 1marks question because 1marks question are coming more this time

Do study daily NCERT

1. Power sharing among the different organs of government (Horizontal power sharing). In a democracy, power is shared among the different organs of the government such as the legislature, executive and the judiciary. This is called the horizontal distribution of power because it allows different organs of the government placed at the same level to exercise different powers. Under this kind of power sharing arrangement, one can exercise unlimited powers. Each organ has its own powers, and it can also check the powers of other. So this results in a balance of power among the various institutions.
2. Power sharing among governments at different levels : Under this, people choose separate governments at separate levels, for example, a general local government for the entire country and local governments at the provincial, sub-national or regional levels. Such a general government for the entire country is usually called a Federal government.
3. Power sharing among different social groups : In a democracy, especially, in a multi-ethnic society, power is also shared among social groups such as the religious and linguistic groups. ‘Community government’ in Belgium is a good example of this arrangement. In some countries, there are constitutional and legal arrangements whereby socially weaker sections and women are represented in the legislatures and the administration.
4. Power sharing among political parties, pressure groups and movements : In a democracy, power is also shared among different political parties, pressure groups and movements. Democracy provides the citizens a choice to choose their rulers. This choice is provided by the various political parties, who contest elections to win them. Such competition ensures that power does not remain in one hand