Maharashtra is the First State with Highest Sugar Mills in India with the number of 195.
Uttar Pradesh is the Second State with Highest Sugar Mills in India with the number of 155.
Karnataka is the Third State with Highest Sugar Mills in India with the number of 58.
Andhra Pradesh is the Fourth State with Highest Sugar Mills in India with the number of 43.
Tamil Nadu is the Fifth State with Highest Sugar Mills in India with the number of 41.
Bihar is the Sixth State with Highest Sugar Mills in India with the number of 28.

Following are the challenges faced by jute industries in India -
i.  Prices of jute textiles are so low that industrialists hesitte to set up these industries.
ii.  International demand of jute goods is falling sharply which is not an encouragement for these industries.
iii.  Many countries now prefer substitutes for jute like plastic or synthetic fibres which reduces its demand.
iv.  Our jute industries face hard competition from Brazil, Thailand, Bangladesh and Egypt whose production cost of jute textile is much lower than that of India.
v.  As jute exhausts soil fertility very fast and also bexause of its low profits , farmers now prefer to cultivate alternative crops like Rice.

The following are the importance of the jute industry in India:

1. It is one of the significant textile Industries in West Bengal, in Eastern India.  

2. This industry not only provides job to the Industrial Workers (of whose the number is around 2.6 Lakh) but also to the tertiary division (around 1.4 lakh people) of the economy.  

3. As jute plays an essential role in supplying the jute industry with the raw material it produces sub-stantial hiring opportunities and earns expensive foreign exchange.

India is the largest producer of raw jute and jute goods and the second largest exporter of jute. West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, Odisha and Meghalaya are the major jute producing states. It is majorly cultivated in the floodplains of West Bengal and Bangladesh where the soil is highly rich and fertile. Most of the jute producing centres are located in West Bengal, mainly along the Hugli River. Factors responsible for their location in the Hugli basin are:

• Proximity to production centres- Hugli basin is the most fertile basin for the production of jute. The jute production in Hugli occurs in a belt that is 98 km long and 3 km wide. This provides more access to for the manufacturers and the sellers of raw jute from the main production areas.

• Transportation- The area is highly connected with all forms of transportation. It has an inexpensive water transport network, reinforced by a good network of railways, roadways and waterways. This helps in the easy and cheap movement of raw material to the mills.

• Availability of resources- Jute is grown on well-drained fertile soils in the floodplains where soils are renewed every year. The high temperature is also another required factor. Abundant water is also required for processing raw jute. All these factors can be obtained easily in the Hugli basin.

• Labour- Labour is another factor that has to be considered while establishing industries. Cheap labour can be obtained from West Bengal and adjoining states of Bihar, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh.

• Allied services- Kolkata provides adequate banking, insurance and port facilities for the export and production of jute goods. Many people are associated with the industry directly and indirectly.

Before the introduction of coins, a variety of objects was used as money.
(i) For example, since the very early ages, Indians used grains and cattle as money.
(ii) Thereafter, cause the use of metallic coins — gold, silver, copper coins — a phase which continued well into the last century.
(iii) Modern forms of money include currency — paper notes and coins.
(iv) Modern currency is not made of precious metal, it is without any use of its own.

Collective identity refers to a set of individuals' sense of belonging to the group. The collective identity of a group are often expressed through the group’s cultures and social custums and traditions.

Industrialization gave birth to Imperialism
(i) Imperialism as the ill-begotten child of industrialization.
(ii) Other things besides industrialization chiefly needed two things. one of them being the constant supply of raw materials and the Other is that the finished goods be sold at the same speed.
(iii) The industrialized countries had introduced heavy import duties as protective tariffs to check the import from other countries.
(iv) Faced with the problem of finding new markest for their producer nations chose such countries where industrialization had not yet reached.
(v) Hence a race for bringing those areas under their effective occupation or effective influence started among the various industrialized nations.
(vi) As a consequence Britain France Germany Japan etc. set up their colonies in Asia Africa South America etc,
(vii) These colonies served their two purposes of being the suppliers of cheap raw materials and an easy market for their finished goods.

Contact between Europeans and Native Americans led to a demographic disaster of unprecedented proportions. Many of the epidemic diseases that were well established in the Old World were absent from the Americas before the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492. The catastrophic epidemics that accompanied the European conquest of the New World decimated the indigenous population of the Americas. Influenza, smallpox, measles, and typhus fever were among the first European diseases imported to the Americas. During the first hundred years of contact with Europeans, Native Americans were trapped in a virtual web of new diseases. European diseases, seeds, weeds, and animals irreversibly transformed the original biological and social landscape of the Americas. By 1518, the Native American demographic catastrophe and the demands of Spanish settlers for labor led to the importation of slaves from Africa. Thus, the Americas quickly became the site of the mixing of the peoples and infectious agents of previously separate continenets

It has been driven primarily by the information and communication technology revolution and—in the case of farm products—by reductions in governmental distortions to agricultural production, consumption and trade. Both have boosted economic growth and reduced poverty globally, especially in Asia.

1. When political parties choose candidate in elections, they keep in mind the caste composition of the electroate and nominate candidate from different castes as to muster necessary support to win elections.
2. Political parties and candidate in elections make appeal to caste sentiment to muster support. Some parties are known to favour some caste and are seen as their representatives.
3. Universal adult franchise and the principle of one-person-one-vote compelled political leaders to gear up to the task of mobilising and securing political support.