Yes globalisation has been advantageous for both producers and consumers.
Example: when a foreign company starts up a industry in our country , then they get cheap labour or raw material from here, in this way the producers are profited.
 When their products come into market consumers will have wide variety of choices to choose,which type of product they wish, in this way consumers will be benefited

We participate in the market both as producers and consumers.

• As producers of goods and services, we could be working in any of the sectors like primary, secondary or tertiary.
• Consumers participate in the market when they purchase goods and services that they need. These are the final goods that people as consumers use.

(i) Handwritten were copied on palm leaves or on handmade papers.
(ii) Pages were beautifully illustrated.
(iii)They were pressed between wooden covers or sewn together to ensure preservation,
(iv) Manuscripts were available in vernacular languages.
(v) Manuscripts Highly expensive and fragile,
(vi) They could no: he read easily as script was written in different styles.

Transportation is important in plants and animals as it leads to movement of nutrients, water, minerals, gases, etc. in their bodies which is essential for their survival and growth. It also transports waste material which is to be excreted out from the body.

"British rule in India would have collapsed if Indians had not cooperated", this statement helps in starting a mass movement in India against the British rule as:

1. The idea of non-cooperation was first introduced by Gandhiji in his book Hind Swaraj, where he declared that since the British had established their rule in India with the cooperation of the Indians, it would collapse only when the cooperation was withdrawn.
2. He proposed that the movement should unfold in stages. It should begin with the surrendering of titles that the government had awarded to the Indians. A boycott of civil services, army, police, courts and legislative assemblies, schools and foreign goods would show their non-cooperation to the British empire.
3. Mahatma Gandhi felt that in case the government used repression, a full civil disobedience campaign would be launched.

Trade guilds is a association of skilled persons who use to manage the market,prices of goods and didn't allow new people to come in trade.

The period of industrialization before the first factories came up in Europe is termed as proto-industrialization. This period was marked by merchants from towns getting products made in villages.

Reasons for focus of merchants on villages: There were powerful trade and craft guilds in urban areas. These associations controlled competition and prices and prevented entry of a new player in the market. Because of them, it was difficult for new merchants to set business in towns.

In the 1980's, the livelihood and the local economy of people of Africa was greatly disturbed by the fast spreading disease of the Cattle plague, which was also known as Rinderpest. Until the advent of Rinderpest, Africa was a land of abundance, with vast resources of land and minerals. Land and livestock were aplenty, and the Africans who possessed them did not have to work. At this point of time the Europeans entered Africa hoping to establish plantations and dig mines. But the Europeans faced a shortage of labor, as the landed Africans were unwilling to work.
Then came Rinderpest, the devastating cattle disease. It was carried by infected cattle imported from British Asia. Rinderpest entered Africa in the east and spread westward reaching the Africa’s Atlantic coast by 1892. 90% of the cattle perished. The once landed Africans were forced into labor. Rinderpest enabled European colonizers to conquer and subdue Africa.

Industries are responsible for environment degradation in India in the following ways:

1.Industries contribute significantly to India's economy and development but the increase in the number of industries has also lead to an increase in the level of pollution of land, water, and air. This has led to the degradation of the environment.

2. There are four types of pollution caused by industries- air pollution, land pollution, water pollution, and noise pollution.

3. Air pollution is caused by the presence of undesirable gases such as Sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide in a high proportion.

4. Land pollution is caused by the dumping of waste by the industries.

5. Water pollution is caused by organic and inorganic industrial waste and effluents discharged into the river.

6. Noise pollution is caused by industrial machinery which creates a lot of noise and is a source of annoyance.

1.Because of lack of awareness & training of farmers .
2. Governments are not really working for capacity building of farm community. Therefore people are still practising conventional farming .
3. Modern methods & mechanisation could reduce land requirements and improve yields .
 

i. Events of February 1848 in France had brought about the abdication of the monarch and a republic based on universal male suffrage had been proclaimed.
ii. Germany, Italy, Poland, the Austro-Hungarian Empire – men and women of the liberal middle classes combined their demands for constitutionalism with national unification. 
iii. They took advantage of the growing popular unrest to push their demands for the creation of a nation-state on parliamentary principles – a constitution, freedom of the press and freedom of association. 
iv. In the German regions a large number of political associations whose members were  middle-class professionals, businessmen and prosperous artisans came together in the city of Frankfurt and decided to vote for an all-German National Assembly.
v. The middle classes who resisted the demands of workers and artisans and consequently lost their support. In the end troops were called in and the assembly was forced to disband. 
vi. The issue of extending political rights to women was a controversial one within the liberal movement, in which large numbers of women had participated actively over the years.
vii. Women had formed their own political associations, founded newspapers and taken part in political meetings and demonstration. Any five points to be explained

1. All over the world there is tendency in political parties towards the concentration of power in one or few leaders at the top .
2. Parties do not keep membership .
3.Do not hold organisational meetings .
4. Ordinary members of party do not get sufficient information. 5. Since one or few leaders exercise prominant power in the party.

It is true that the impact of globalisation has not been uniform.
This can he explained through the following points
(i) Globalisation has some negative impacts on employment and real wages. Due to ushering in of new technologies, output increases, but employment opportunities are not much, especially in rural areas, where over 60% of the population lives.
(ii) Globalisation is mainly beneficial to‘large capitalists, industries and large companies. Consequently, it increases the concentration of economic power and leads to inequalities.
(iii) In India, during 1990-91 more than 33% of national product originated in the agricultural sector, but this share has come down to 23% in 2004-05.

Employment is a paid work agreement between an employer and employee. The term applies to a person who is hired for a salary or fee to perform work for an employer. Although employees can negotiate certain items in an employment agreement, the terms and conditions are largely determined by the employer. This agreement may also be terminated by the employer or the employee.