Political parties play a pivotal role in shaping and mobilising public opinion on important social, political and economic matters. They often bring important issues of the society into the media spotlight. The party machinery i.e. its cadre and general membership, plays an important role. Many pressure groups often act as extensions of the political parties among different sections of society. Naturally, these pressure groups propagate among their members, the political line of their parent parties. Political parties also launch movements for the redressal of certain issues. Opposition parties question the policies of the government in public and organise protest march and rallies on any controversial decision taken by the government. This helps in creating awareness and shaping public opinion.

1. 59% r Dutch which live on Flemish region.
2. 40% r french who live in wallonia region.
3.1 % r German people.
4. The capital city Brussels 80% r french nd 20% r Dutch.

Language and the popular tradition is a key representation of a national identity. A person is known by these two features in a foreign land. Every nation has its own mode of communication, culture and traditions. And when a person go abroad then he represents his nation by these two characteristics. For example Chinese don't believe in learning new languages rather they are endeavoring to promote their own language. Often they take translators with them on visits to other countries. Then same is the case with tradition. Then in India they traditions are so fascinating that other countries imitate their traditions like Diwali etc.

According to this classification, labour, capital, land or natural resources, technology, management etc., are considered economic factors and culture, religion, tradition etc. non-economic factors. There is still an ambiguity about the situation of knowledge - which has an important role in economic development.

Development is a process such that the rate of increase in national income is more than the increase in population. It is the betterment in the lives of the people and also rise in living standards of the people.

Characteristics of development

(i) Different people have different developmental goals.

(ii) What may be development for one may not be development for the other. It may be destructive for the other.

(iii) Income is the most important component of development, but along with income, people also seek equal treatment, good health, peace, literacy, etc.

(iv) For development, people look at mixed goals.

It would be hard to imagine an economy developing without oil and natural gas, because it is the basis of every industrialized economy on Earth right now.

Crude oil provides 97% of the energy for transportation (cars, trains, airplanes) in the world. In the US, oil and gas make about 20% of the electricity. In addition to that, think of all the things we make from oil:

- plastics: just look at all the things made of plastic in front of you right now!

- lubrication oils

- petrochemicals for fertilizer, paint, preservatives, pharmaceuticals, cleaning chemicals, etc

-fabric: most synthetic fabrics are based on petrochemicals

So, try to imagine a country without all of these things. This would place you back in time more than 100 years in terms of technology.

The term sustainable development is applied to the development of a country or world, that is to resume and maintained for future generations. For instance, groundwater; it is generally rendered by nature. Accordingly, we must consume groundwater in a manner that it can be said a Rational or careful use of resources. Moreover, the precise and systematic use of groundwater is essential as imprudent use of the naturally provided (groundwater; in the case of groundwater) resources may deplete them. We should not consume and contaminated the groundwater to a degree that it converts unavailable or unusable for our forthcoming generation.

Big businessmen, companies, and institutions such as schools, colleges, and hospitals have to make payment through their bank accounts. Since there are restrictions on the number of withdrawals from a savings bank account, that type of account is not suitable for them. They need to have an account from which withdrawal can be made any number of times.

Banks open a current account for them. Like a savings bank account, this account also requires a certain minimum amount of deposit while opening the account. On this deposit, the bank does not pay any interest on the balances. Rather the account holder pays a certain amount each year as an operational charge.

These accounts also have what we call the overdraft facility. For the convenience of the accountholders banks also allow withdrawal of amounts in excess of the balance of the deposit. This facility is known as an overdraft facility. It is allowed to some specific customers and up to a certain limit subject to previous agreement with the bank concerned.

Majortarisam in sri lanka is only takan for sinhalas which lead to confrict between two community which are sinhalas and tamil speaker which is known as civil war which led to country in disintrigation way

The Slash and Burn agriculture is also known as " Podu " Cultivation or Shifting Cultivation or Jhumming Cultivation.

In this cultivation the farmers used to clear some parts of forest by burning them. As the ash improves the fertility of soil. There they sow the seeds. After harvesting they moved their cultivation to other areas.

This was first followed in Africa and some parts of India. Now most of the countries have banned this type of Cultivation because it results to the deforestation of many forests.

Holding together Federations are the large country that  divide its power between the constituent States and the national government. India is called a Holding together Federations because of the following reasons-

(i) It follows 'three-tier system.The Union Government(Central government),State government ant Local government bodies.

(ii) The Central government is more powerful than the state government

(iii) Some states have been given some special powers.

India is called a Federal country because of the following reasons-

(i) The constitution declared India as the Union of States.

(ii)The Constitution originally provided for a two-tier system of government.The Union Government (Central Government), and the State government.

(iii) Later the third tier of federalism was added in the form of Panchayats and municipalities.

(iv) The Constitution contains three lists -

(a)Union Lists includes subjects of national importance such as defence of the country, foreign affairs, banking, communications and currency.The Union government alone can make laws related to subjects mention in the list. 

(b)State Lists contains subjects of States and local importance such as police, trade, commerce, agriculture and irrigation.The State government alone can make laws related to subjects mention in the list.

(c)Concurrent List includes subjects of common interest to both the Union Governments, such as education, forest, trade unions, marriage, adoption and succession.Both the government can make the list.If their laws conflict with each other the laws made by the Union government will prevail.

"Human activities" have degraded the land and the natural forces because of the following:

· Activities such as mining, over grazing, deforestation and quarrying are primarily responsible for land degradation.

· Reasons for land degradation in some states are:

1. Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Jharkhand, Chhatisgarh: Mining

2. Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Gujrat, Maharashtra: Over Grazing

3. Over irrigation in Haryana, Punjab and U.P. causes water logging due to which alkanity and salinity of the soil increases.

· Industrial effluents and dust released by mineral processing units are also responsible for it.

He was a French artist famous for a series of four prints prepared in 1848 that visualised the dream of a world consisting of 'Democratic and Social Republics'.

The first print of the painting shows the people of Europe and America marching towards the Statue of Liberty and paying homage to it. Liberty is personified as a female figure which holds charter rights in one hand and the torch in other. The shattered images of absolute institutions lies on the earth .Frederic Sorrieu always visualized a world made up of democratic and socialist republics. He wishes to potray a world where all countries respect statue of liberty or in other terms where all countries promote Charter of the Rights of Man and fraternity.

1.As economic activities in many communities moved from agriculture to manufacturing, production shifted from its traditional locations in the home and the small workshop to factories.

2.Large portions of the population relocated from the countryside to the towns and cities where manufacturing centers were found.

3.The overall amount of goods and services produced expanded dramatically, and the proportion of capital invested per worker grew.

4.New groups of investors, businesspeople, and managers took financial risks and reaped great rewards

Manorial dues are the fees that peasants or serfs of farmer owe to the nobles who are their landlord .the lord of the manor,in exchange of giving you land on which you make a living, essentially charges rent,this is the cornerstone of feudalism. 

Representation of States in Lok Sabha:

• Members are directly elected by the people from the territorial constituencies in the states
• Election Principle used – Universal Adult Franchise
• Eligibility to Vote: Any Indian Citizen of/above 18 years of age