There are five types of land resources, which are iron, coal, diamond, and oil, gold.

The features of Self-Help Group (SHG) are :

(i) People form their personal groups for the purpose of savings and also lend money among themselves.
(ii) Rate of interest is lower than imformal service providers.
(iii) They can also avail loans from banks if their savings are regular.
(iv) Decisions regarding the savings and loan activities are taken by group members.

Land resources mean the resources available from the land, thus the agricultural land which contain natural fertilizer for growth of the products sown; the underground water, the various minerals like coal, bauxite, gold and other raw materials.

There are many types of land use:

• Recreational - fun, non-essentials like parks.
• Transport - roads, railways, and airports.
• Agricultural - farmland.
• Residential - housing.
• Commercial - businesses and factories.

The War created a new economic and political situation :
(i) It led to a huge increase in defence expenditure which was financed by war loans and increasing taxes, customs duties were raised, and income tax introduced.
(ii) Through the war years, prices increased – doubling between 1913 and 1918 – leading to extreme hardships for the common people.
(iii) Villagers were called upon to supply soldiers, and the forced recruitment in rural areas caused widespread anger.

(iv) The First World war gave a boost to the Indian industries. Since textile industries in Britain began to supply goods related to the War like uniforms, shoes and racksags, the Indian industries took advantage of the void and bagan to manufacture the cloth.  

The credit at affordable or reasonable rates is available for all because it helps people to pay their credit without facing any challenges or other difficulties. Another important thing about this facility is that it brings everyone an excellent opportunity to pay the credit with reasonable interest rates.

The formal source of credit provide loans comparatively at the lower rate and collateral is required to obtain loan. It is supervised by RBI. It includes banks and cooperatives. Informal sources. Information from informal sources can include conversations with colleagues at lunch or from friends or other associates external to your company. The formal sector consists of the businesses, enterprises and economic activities that are monitored, protected and taxed by the government, whereas the informal sector is comprised of the workers and enterprises that are not under government regulation. 

Nonpartisan systems may be de jure, meaning political parties are either outlawed entirely or legally prevented from participating in elections at certain levels of government, or de facto if no such laws exist and yet there are no political parties. Parties may be necessary for many individuals to participate in politics, because they provide a massively simplifying heuristic which allows people to make informed choices with a much lower cognitive cost.

A political party is an organized group of people who have the same ideology, or who otherwise have the same political positions, and who field candidates for elections, in an attempt to get them elected and thereby implement the party's agenda.

(i) Political parties contest elections and share power.
(ii) They agree on some policies and programmes for the society to promote collective good.
(iii) If a political party is unable to win a majority, it makes an alliance with other parties to form a Coalition Government.
(iv) Political parties try to persuade people that their policies are better than others.

Legislative powers are divided between the Union and state governments by the Constitution of India. The Constitution divided various areas of government jurisdiction into three lists.

1.  The Union List containing areas like Defence, Foreign Affairs, Currency and Communications. These subjects are under the jurisdiction of the Union Government and only Parliament can pass laws on these subjects.
2.  The State List containing subjects like Police, Social Services, Health etc. which are under the jurisdiction of the state governments. Only state legislatures can pass laws on these subjects.
3.  The Concurrent List which contains items like Criminal Law, Forests, Population control in which both Parliament and state legislatures can pass laws. In case of any conflict between Union and state laws, the law passed by Parliament will prevail.

Sustainable development is to use resources without depleting them and also to look after the social and environmental effects of such use , so we need to mantain the uses such that there is sufficient means of resources and means of livelihood for present as well as future generations
it can be achieved by following steps :-
1) maximum use of renewable sources
2) by using recycled papers to reduce pressure on trees
3) by using using solar,wind,hydel power as the source for energy
4) by following the guidelines of PCRA to conserve fuels
5) by using car pools and combined errands

Following are the three important reasons, why the decade of 1830s is known as ‘great economic hardship’ in Europe:

• During the 1830s, there was large-scale unemployment in Europe. In most of the European countries, employment opportunities were low in number, whereas job seekers were many.
• Cities had come to be extremely overcrowded. As a result, slums had started coming up as more people migrated from the rural areas to the urban areas.
• Small producers in towns were often faced with stiff competition from the imports of cheap machine-made goods from England where industrialisation was more advanced, especially in textile production.

 Belgium shares borders with France (556 km), Germany (133 km), Luxembourg (130 km) and the Netherlands (478 km).

(i) Rashsundari Debi, a young married girl in a very orthodox household, learnt to read in the secrecy of her kitchen. Later, she wrote her autobiography Amar Jiban which was published in 1876. It was the first full- length autobiography published in the Bengali language. .
(ii) From the 1860s, many Bengali women writers like Kailashbashini Debi wrote books highlighting the experiences of women- about how women were imprisoned at home, kept in ignorance, forced to do hard domestic labour and treated unjustly by the menfolk, they generally, served.
(iii) In the 1880s, in present-day Maharashtra, Tarabai Shinde and Pandita Ramabai wrote with passionate anger about the miserable lives of the upper-caste Hindu women, especially the widows. The poor status of women was also expressed by the Tamil writers.
(iv) In the early 20th century, the journals written by women became very popular in which women’s education, widowhood, widow remarriage, etc., were discussed. Some of them offered fashion lessons for women too.

The ethnic composition of Belgium is very complex because in that country Dutch speaking people are in majority ( 59 %), while French and German speaking are respectively 40% and 1%. The French live in the Wallonia region and the Dutch lives in flemish region. While this is the case in the country, the capital, Brussels has French speaking people as the majority ( 80%) and Dutch 20%.

The unification of Italy is the result of dedication, contribution and effort of three great leaders Mazzini, Cavour and Garibaldi. During 1830s, Giuseppe Mazzini had tried to unite Italy. He formed the secret society called Young Italy. But both the uprising in 1831 and 1848 failed. Cavour's Policy and the Role of Piedmont. During the Italian unification movement, it had to face a lot of obstacles such as foreign intervention, disunity of the Italian, weak national feeling among the Italian states. Both the serious obstacles hindered the Italian to unify their country.

Bismarck was convinced that the unification of Germany could only be achieved by the princes, and not by the people. He wanted to achieve his aim by merging Prussia into Germany. In 1867, Bismarck became the chancellor of the North confederation. ... The German unification established the Prussian dominance in Europe. Although the achievement of Prussian dominance within the Confederation was one of Bismarck's greatest accomplishments, the unification of the German states into a single large nation is perhaps most significant because it transformed Germany into an important world power of both the 19th and 20th centuries.