Green Revolution

• Agriculture was given the top priority in Five Year Plans.

• The development of HYV seeds of wheat in the early 60s, and those of rice in 70s laid the foundation of the Green Revolution in India.

• Several schemes for irrigation were undertaken, and arid and semi-arid areas were brought under cultivation.

• Collectivisation, consolidation of holdings, abolition of the Zamindari system, etc., were given top priority.

• Cropped insurance scheme was launched by the government to protect the farmers against losses caused by crop failure on account of natural calamities like drought, flood, hailstorm, cyclone, fire, etc.

• Easy availability of capital or investment.

•  Special weather bulletins for farmers are introduced on newspaper, radio and television.

• The Government fixes the price of crops at Mandi, so that farmers may not get exploited by the market or mediators.

White Revolution

• A number of cattle development projects have been initiated by the government.

• Dairy co-operative which perform the following functions:

(i) They collect and market milk.

(ii) They provide butter and cheese to urban population.

(iii) They have ended the exploitation by the middle men.

Wildlife sanctuaries refer to an area which provides protection and favourable living conditions to the wild animals. On the other hand, the national park provides protection to the entire set of the ecosystem, i.e. flora, fauna, landscape, etc. of that region. National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries are protected areas declared by Government with the primary objective to preserve wildlife, save flora & fauna and restore the natural ecological balance. 

Wildlife Sanctuary is an area demarcated for the protection of a particular species of flora and fauna.

Limited human activities may be allowed by the state authorities for the people living inside it. For e.g. Wildlife authorities may allow livestock grazing for a particular community living there.

the practice among those with power or influence of favouring relatives or friends, especially by giving them jobs.

or

nepotism (noun) = favoritism shown to relatives or close friends by those in power (as by giving them jobs)

This sense of collective belonging came partly through the experience of united struggles. History and fiction, folklore and songs popular prints and symbols all played a part in the making of nationalism.

1•FIGURE OR IMAGE

•The identity of India came to be visually associated with the image of Bharat Mata. It was created by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. In 1870s,he wrote Vande Mataram.

•Abanindranath Tagore painted his famous image of Bharat Mata. In his painting, she is seen as a ascetic figure and is calm, composed, divine, and spiritual. Devotion to this mother figure was seen as an evidence of one's nationalism.

2•INDIAN FOLKLORE

•In the late nineteenth century of India,nationalists started recording folk tales,folk songs and legends.

•In Bengal, Rabindranath Tagore himself began collecting ballads, nursery rhymes and myths.

•In Madras, Natesa Sastri published a massive four volume collection of tamil folk tales, The Folklore of Southern India.

3•ICONS AND SYMBOLS

•During the swadeshi movement in Bengal, a tricolor flag (red, green and yellow) was designed. It had eight lotuses representing eight provinces of British India, and a crescent moon, representing Hindus and Muslims.

•It was again a tricolor (red, green and white) and had a spinning wheel in the centre, representing Gandhian ideal of self help.

4•REINTERPRETATION OF HISTORY

•By the end of the nineteenth century many Indians began to feel to instill a sense of pride in the nation.

•Many writers wrote about the glorious developments in ancient times when art and architecture, science and mathematics,religion, etc had flourished.

As per pass criteria for Class 10th, students have to obtain overall 33% marks in each subject, both theory and practical/internal assessment taken together, in order to pass the examination.

Material culture refers to the physical objects, resources, and spaces that people use to define their lives. Non‐material culture refers to the nonphysical ideas that people have about their culture and within their lives, including beliefs, values, rules, norms, morals, language, organizations, and institutions. Material goals refer to those goals which can be identified in terms of money. It includes all tangible things which a money can buy. Non material goals includes your emotional, social and Psychological contentment, which allows an individual to lead a dignified life.

The Globalisation has impacted Indian economy in the following ways
(i) Increase in foreign investment, Over the past twenty years, the foreign investment has increased.
(ii) Emergence of Indian companies as multinational Several of the top Indian companies like Tata Motors, Infosys, Ranbaxy have been able to get benefit from the increased competition created as a result of Globalisation.
(iii) Creation of new opportunities Globalisation has created new opportunities for Indian companies, particularly providing services like IT.
(iv) Creation of new jobs For those which are Globalisation has created new jobs and has helped in reducing unemployment rate to an extent.
(v) A host of services such as data entry, accounting, administrative tasks, engineering are now being done cheaply in India.

Foreign trade has been integrating markets of different countries, as it allows the producers to cross international boundaries in search of cheap raw materials. The manufactured goods and services can now be sold in various markets of different countries. With many MNCs in the market, the consumer now has a wide range of products coming from different nations to choose from.  Foreign trade therefore, interlinks various markets across the countries.

For example, Volkswagen, a German automobile company, is the biggest German automaker and second largest automaker in the world. It came to India in 2007 and had recorded sales of 32,627 vehicles in the year 2010. Volkswagen, by launching various models of cars in India, has broadened choices of people in the automobile sector.

• Social divisions of one kind or the other exist in most of the countries. It doesn’t matter whether the country is small or big.
• India is a vast country with many communities. Belgium is a small country with many communities.
• Even countries like Germany and Sweden, which were highly homogenous, are undergoing rapid change with the influx or coming of people from other countries.Migrants bring with them their own culture and tend to form a different social community. So most of the countries in the world are multi-cultural.

The first upheaval took place in France in July 1830. The Bourbon kings who had been restored to power during the conservative reaction after 1815, were now overthrown by liberal revolutionaries, who installed a constitutional monarchy with Louis Philippe at its head.

It is essential to have resource planning because 

1. Resources are scarce. For example, we must plan the use of oil because it is a scarce resource. If used indiscriminately, it will run out quickly. 
2. It is essential to minimise the environmental impact of the use of resources. Indiscriminate use of natural resources like forests and minerals can lead to adverse effects like environmental degradation, pollution and global warming. 
3. It makes sound economic sense to maximise the benefit we can obtain from resources while using the least possible amount. For example, in using a valuable resource like water for irrigation, we should adopt that method that can irrigate the field most efficiently while using the least amount of water.    

Resource Planning in India is one of the most important goals right from its first Five Years Plan. Following are the main points of Resource planning.

'Utopian vision' means that it is depicting something idealistic. The French artist F Sorrieu was visualizing a dream of a world made up of nations (all of them did not exist as nations at the time that these prints were made). He has showed the German people with a common flag, although actually they were a number of different states at that time. So it is an idealistic or Utopian vision