• An MNC is a company that owns or controls production in more than one nation.
• These companies set up offices and factories for production in regions where they can get cheap labour and other resources.
• This is done to ensure that the cost of production remains low and MNCs can earn greater profits.

The conditions which determine MNC’s setting up production process in other countries are:

(i) Availability of skilled and unskilled labour at low costs.

(ii) Closeness to the markets.

(iii) Government policies which look after their interests.

Nice answer

• Formal sources follow the sources of credit that are registered by the govt. and have to follow its rules and regulations whereas in informal sources include those small and scattered units which are largely outside the control of the government.
• RBI dominates the functions of formal sources of credit but in informal sources there is no organisation that dominates the credit activities.
• Formal sources usually charges lower rates of interest whereas in informal sources they charge much higher rates of interest.
• The main motive of formal sources is social welfare whereas the main motive of informal sources is profit-making.
• Banks and cooperatives are the example of formal sources and moneylenders, traders, employees, friends and relatives  etc are the example of informal sources.

Simple hai, read text or reference and note the points which are inportant for you.

Resource Planning is a strategy for judicious use of resources. It is a complex process which involves : 

(i) identification and inventory of resources across the regions of the country. This involves surveying, mapping and qualitative and quantitative estimation and measurement of the resources. 

(ii) Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate technology, skill and institutional set up for implementing resource development plans. 

(iii) Matching the resource development plans with overall national development plans.

Primitive Subsistence	Intensive Subsistence
This type of farming is done on very small patches of land.	The land holdings are comparatively bigger.
Primitive tools like a hoe, dow, digging sticks are used for cultivation.	Modern agricultural inputs like chemical fertilizers, HYV seeds, machines are used wherever suitable
This agriculture is dependent on rainfall and the natural fertility of the soil.	Means of irrigation like tube wells, canals are used. Soil fertility is also increased by the use of fertilizers.
Family members provide labour.	Labourers are hired.
Land productivity in this type of agriculture is low.	Land productivity in this type of agriculture is high as it is meant for commercial purpose.

A form of government in which the representative or rular is choosen or elected by the people of that place

The term Life Expectancy simply refers to the numbers of years an individual is expected to live based on the statistical average. The life expectancy is one of the three major components of Human Development Index-the index which measures the human development of countries. The life expectancy varies from place to place and era to era.

Otto von bismarc

Otto von bismarc its corrrect

Otto von Bismarck

Cotton, jute, hemp and natural silk are the four major fiber crops grown in India.

cotton : Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus Gossypium in the mallow family Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure cellulose. Under natural conditions, the cotton bolls will increase the dispersal of the seeds.

silk : Silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles. The protein fiber of silk is composed mainly of fibroin and is produced by certain insect larvae to form cocoons. The best-known silk is obtained from the cocoons of the larvae of the mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori reared in captivity.

Agro-based industries are important because of the following reasons:

1. The agro-based industries have given a major boost to the agricultural sector in India. Because the industry sources most of its raw material from the Indian agricultural sector, the farmers strive to produce more, in order to take advantage of this opportunity.

2. The development and competitiveness of these industries have not only helped to increase production but also has raised the level of efficiency in the production processes.

3. The farmers are increasingly investing in commercial farming, in order to produce high-value crops for such industries. This, in turn, may improve the financial status of the peasant class.

The caricaturist is depicting the club of liberal nationalists which dates back 1820. Conservative regimes were set up in 1815. These regimes were autocratic they were not ready to tolerate criticism and dissent. They curbed all the actions which put a question mark on the legitimacy of autocratic governments.

4 october 1830

• In June 1992, more than 100 heads of states met in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil for the first International Earth Summit.
• It was held for addressing urgent problems of environmental protection and socio-economic development at the global level.
• This convention adopted Agenda 21, for achieving sustainable development in the 21st century.

rio de janerio

The sugar industry subsumes the production, processing and marketing of sugars (mostly saccharose and fructose). Globally, most sugar is extracted from sugar cane (~80 % predominantly in the tropics) and sugar beet (~ 20%, mostly in temperate climate like in the U.S. or Europe).  Sugar beets awaiting processing at the Holly Sugar Corporation plant near Brawley, California. Photograph by Environmental Protection Agency. (12/02/1970) Sugar is used for soft drinks, sweetened beverages, convenience foods, fast food, candy, confectionery, baked products, and other sweetened foods. Sugarcane is used in the distillation of rum. Sugar subsidies have driven market costs for sugar well below the cost of production. As of 2018, 3/4 of world sugar production was not traded on the open market. The global market for sugar and sweeteners was some $77.5 billion in 2012, with sugar comprising an almost 85% share, growing at a compound annual growth rate of 4.6%.[1] Globally in 2018, around 185 million tons of sugar was produced, led by India with 35.9 million tons, followed by Brazil and Thailand.[2] There are more than 123 sugar-producing countries, but only 30% of the produce is traded on the international market.

(1) There are 2or more level of government in federal country. (2) Different level of government govern the same citizen. (3) Constitution of different level of government specifies jurisdiction of different level of government.

 

Following are three features of federalism:

1. In a federal structure of government, there are two or more levels or tiers of government.
2. The different tires of the government govern the same citizens. However, each tier has its own jurisdiction in specific matters of legislation, taxation and administration.
3. The Constitution of the country specifies the respective jurisdictions of the different tiers of government. Therefore, the existence and authority of each tier gets constitutionally guaranteed.

Khalifa is the spiritual head of islamic world. It was led by two famous brothers - 1. Mohammad Ali 2. Saukat ali

Khalifa or Khalifah (Arabic: خليفة) is a name or title which means "successor", "ruler" or "leader". It most commonly refers to the leader of a Caliphate, but is also used as a title among various Islamic religious groups and orders. Khalifa is sometimes also pronounced as "kalifa".

Khalifa is the spiritual head of Muslim

Spiritual leader of the Muslims

Non Cooperation Movement	Civil Disobedience Movement
It was launched in 1920s.	It was launched in 1930s.
It was considered as a passive movement.	It was considered as an active movement.
In this movement, Gandhiji aimed to bring government to a standstill by withdrawing every support of the British government.	In this movement, Gandhiji aimed at paralysing the government by undertaking acts which the British considered as illegal.
Large number of people participated in the in this movement.	Many people backed out of the movement, due to non-fulfilment of their demands in the previous movement.
There was no tax campaign in this movement.	People refused to pay taxes in this movement.

He was a devot disciple of Mahatma Gandhi who lead the Civil Disobedience movement in Peshawar.

 

Ghaffar Khan forged a close, spiritual, and uninhibited friendship with Mahatma Gandhi, the pioneer of non-violent mass civil disobedience in India. The two had a deep admiration towards each other and worked together closely till 1947.

On April 23, 1930, Ghaffar Khan was arrested during protests arising out of the Salt Satyagraha.

 He was closely identified with Gandhi because of his non-violence principles and he is known in India as the 'Frontier Gandhi'.

The First World War destroyed empires, created numerous new nation-states, encouraged independence movements in Europe's colonies, forced the United States to become a world power and led directly to Soviet communism and the rise of Hitler.

Poverty increased

prices of goods become double

Effected more on steel and metals and land

Clay work

• India since ancient times has been producing clay vessels. The history of clay crafts in India dates back to 6,000BC through remains found at Mehrgarh, on the western bank of the Indus River.
• Through various archaeological excavations, various remains of clay pottery have been found during the Harappan Civilisation.
• Painted grey ware (PGW) pottery remains unearthed at several archaeological sites in Punjab and Haryana. It is believed to belong to the Rig Vedic Aryan period. 
• The PGW is a smooth, very fine and coloured variant of pottery. It was made of well-worked, high-quality clay with black geometric patterns on it. Floral patterns and symbols of the Sun can also be seen.
• Later, Northern Black Polished Ware developed around 400BC. It was a highly lustrous pottery developed during the Mauryan period. 

BOMBAY & CALCUTTA

Regionalism is one of the major challenges that any nation has to face during developmental stage. Some such challenges faced may include:-
• Financial infrastructure.
• Colonialism.
• Disparity.
• Raw material and market need.
These factors restrict a number of regions to stay undeveloped and economically backward. The development is usually noticed in only few regions around the major rural areas that are industrially developed.
For effective development, it is important that proper grants have to be offered by the leaders of the nation. Apart from this, it is also important for proper distribution of land reforms within these regions.

When societies develop, expand and become more complex in terms of social, economic and political relations, they need political parties to sustain governance. Political parties tend to provide the base on which the praxis of representative government is built. They gather public views on various important issues, articulate them and then present them to the government. Parties bring various representatives together, support or restrain government and its apparatus, develop policies and justify or oppose them in the public domain depending on their political ideology. These conditions are necessary for healthy development of representative democracies. Hence, it can be said that political parties are essential for this purpose.

Please in this ques u can tell me what is meaning of political division and how parties are identified by it???? Pleaseeeeee

Most people of the society are in some or the other way related to a party. Partisanship is very common. as the political parties put forward their manifestos, the people decide to support different parties and they get divided. Thus political parties create social and political divisions..

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