Yes, these two statements mean almost the same, as different persons could have different as well as conflicting developmental goals, e.g., in Gujarat, government is in favour of the Narmada Project, while the people who are adversely affected by the project/dam are opposing this.

Technological Reforms:

For the improvement of agricultural yield, new-technologies and equipment have been introduced in the recent years.

1. Use of tube-wells and water-pumps, tractor, tiller, thresher etc.

2. Similarly, drip irrigation and sprinklers are used for irrigation, where the water supply is less and to irrigate more places with less water.

3. Chemical fertilizers which have been used on a large scale are now being supplemented by biofertilizers to retain the fertility of the land.

4. The farm produces are carried to the market on trucks through all weather roads and faster means of transport.

Institutional Reforms:

1. To initiate with government to provide facilities to the farmers. The government has started many programmes like Green Revolution, White Revolution or Operation floods.

2. The government has assembled small lands to make them economically practicable.

3. Radio and television broadcasting tell farmers about the new and improved techniques of cultivation or to give upto-date knowledge to the farmers.

4. Provision of crop-insurance, rural banking and small-scale cooperative societies protect farmers against the losses caused by crop-failure or help farmers for the modernization of agriculture.

5. The government also announced minimum price for the crop grown by the farmers to remove the elements of uncertainty and get correct price for their products.

(b) Different persons have different notions of development because life situations of persons are different. Development goals of a girl from a rich urban family will be surely different from a farmer in Rajasthan. It is because their situations, lifestyle and status are very different from each other. A goal which a person has entirely depends on his or her present life situation. Over a period of time if the situation changes, automatically goals of a person will also change.

DNA is a group of molecules that is responsible for carrying and transmitting the hereditary materials or the genetic instructions from parents to offsprings.

The Poona Pact refers to an agreement between B. R. Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi on behalf of depressed classes and caste Hindu leaders on the reservation of electoral seats for the depressed classes in the legislature of British India government. Contrary to popular belief, Mahatma Gandhi was not involved in signing the pact. It was made on 24 September 1932 at Yerwada Central Jail in Pune, India. It was signed by B.R Ambedkar on behalf of the depressed classes and Madan Mohan Malviya on behalf of the Caste Hindus as a means to end the fast that Gandhi was undertaking in jail as a protest against the decision by British prime minister Ramsay MacDonald to give separate electorates to depressed classes for the election of members of provincial legislative assemblies in British India. They finally agreed upon 148 electoral seats.

The limits of Civil Disobedience Movement were:

• The Congress ignored the dalits for fear of offending the sanatanis, the conservative high-caste Hindus. Also, Mahatma Gandhi called the untouchables  the children of God.
• Dr B.R. Ambedkar, who organised the dalits into the Depressed Classes Association in 1930, clashed with Mahatma Gandhi at the second Round Table Conference by demanding separate electorates for dalits.
• This made the dalit apprehensive regarding the Congress led national movement.
• Decline of the Non-Cooperation-Khilafat movement, made a large section of Muslim feel alienated from the Congress. Thus, the response of Muslim political organisations in India was lukewarm.
• However, Muhammad Jinnah, one of the leaders of the Muslim League, was willing to give up the demand for separate electorates, if Muslims were assured reserved seats in the Central Assembly and representation in proportion to population in the Muslim-dominated provinces (Bengal and Punjab).
• Hence, the start of Civil Disobedience Movement created an atmosphere of suspicion and distrust between communities.

Power-sharing is a vital ingredient of any constitution. Power-sharing makes sure that there is an optimum balance between different sections in the society. Each and every state should have some forms of power-sharing. The chances of controversies and opportunity to every citizen increases. Power-sharing has its own value in a democracy. This ensures the stability of political order.

Forms of power-sharing

There are different forms of power-sharing in modern democracies which are listed below

Horizontal distribution of power

• Power is shared among different organs of government, such as the legislature, executive and judiciary.
• Example – India This distribution ensures that none of the organs can exercise and utilise unlimited power.
• Each and every organ keeps an eye on the others.
• This system of arrangement is called a system of checks and balances.

Vertical distribution of power

• Power can be shared among governments at different levels.
• A general central government for the entire country and governments at the provincial or state and regional level.
• Example – India Union Government that is central government & State Government.

Community government

• Power can also be shared among different socially active groups such as the religious and linguistic groups.
• Example – Belgium

Power-sharing between political parties, pressure groups and movements

• This kind of power-sharing competition ensures that power does not remain in one single hand.
• For longer duration, power is shared among different political parties that represent different ideologies and social groups.

(i) Large scale development projects like river valley projects have submerged large tracts of forest. For instance, Narmada Sagar project in M.P. would inundate 40,000 hectares of forest.

(ii) Mining is another important factor for depletion of flora and fauna.

(iii) Major factors behind depletion of flora and fauna are grazing and fuel-wood collection.

Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs, is called a resource. It should be technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable. Only then, it can be termed as a 'Resource'.

Indian Railways

Russia and Prussia are two completely different concepts. Russia still exists while prussia was abolished in 1919 or 1945.

Russia was the military giant who was formed by the unification of various eastern slav states. It was a tsardom till 1917 after which the Soviets took power. Russia is always considered a giant due to its humungous size. Its larger in area than Pluto. It spanned from siberia to the baltic from the urals and the arctic circle to the wakhan corridor.

Prussia however was a predecessor of teutonic states. It united with brandenburg and was a part of The Holy Roman Empire. It was a major military force in Europe. It was the father of all german states. It was the state that united german states into one Powerful state, the German Empire. It was ruled by the hohenzollern dynasty. After the First world war, it lost its existence becuase of Germany’s defeat.

Russia and Prussia were allies before. Prussia and Russia once were together in the napoleonic wars where they with austria defeated the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth. They fought together in various wars like the napoleonic wars and the great turkish war(1683).

CBSE has reduced the syllabus by 30% .

CBSE syllabus reduced by 30%: Check deleted syllabus of CBSE Class 10

With the CBSE syllabus for 2020-21 reduced by 30%, check out the deleted portions of the CBSE Class 10 syllabus in various subjects

Copy the given link to knw the syllabus:

http://cbseacademic.nic.in/revisedcurriculum_2021.html

Demand deposits offer another interesting facility. It helps in making the payment in cheque.
. A cheque is a paper instructing the bank to pay a specific amount from the person’s account to the other person or to the account holder.
. Thus, we see that demand deposits share the essential features of money.
. The facility of cheques against demand deposits makes settlement of payments possible without using cash.
. Since demand deposits are accepted widely as a means of payment, along with currency, they
  constitute money in the modern economy.

The various ways for generating employment opportunities in urban areas are as follows:

1.More Industries should be set up to provide large scale employment to the people.

2. Education system should be made job oriented.

3. Tourism as a industry should be promoted.

4. Healthcare sector can create large employment in Urban areas.

The first clear expression of nationalism came with the French Revolution in 1789.

• The Revolution led to the transfer of sovereignty from the monarchy to a body of French citizens. The revolution proclaimed that it was the people who would hence forth constitute the nation and shape its destiny.
• From the very beginning, the French revolutionaries introduced various measures and practices that could create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people.
• The ideas of la patrie (the fatherland) and le citoyen (the citizen) emphasised the notion of a united community enjoying equal rights under a constitution. A new French flag, the tricolour, was chosen to replace the former royal standard.
•  The Estates General was elected by the body of active citizens and renamed the National Assembly. New hymns were composed, oaths taken and martyrs commemorated,all in the name of the nation.
• Regional dialects were discouraged and French, as it was spoken and written in Paris, became the common language of the nation.
• The revolutionaries further declared that it was the mission and the destiny of the French nation to liberate the peoples of Europe from despotism, in other words to help other peoples of Europe  to become nations.

The Challenge of sustainable development:

1. Development of a country needs to be continuous. Every country would like to have the level of development go up further.
2. Many scientists have warned that the present level of development cannot be sustained for the future as the present rate of consumption of both renewable and non-renewable resources is very high. Rapid industrialization’has led to environmental degradation.
3. Sustainable development aims at development without damaging the environment and at the same time, conserving for future.
4. Sustainability of development is essential not only for the present generation but also for future generation to ensure good life.

(i) Proximity of the jute producing areas.
(ii) Cheap water transport facilities.
(iii) Good network of railways, roadways and waterways to facilitate movement of raw materials to the mills.
(iv) Abundant water for processing raw jute.
(v) Cheap labour from West Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh.
(vi) Bank, insurance and port facilities for export of jute goods.

The interests of people can slow down and economy if people do things like boycotting, teachers in walk outs different situations can cause the economy to drop not having the right amount of people to do the job they need them to.