The industry provides a source of livelihood to farmers, cotton boll pluckers and workers engaged in ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing, designing, packaging, tailoring and sewing. This industry supports many other industries; like chemical and dyes, mill stores, packaging materials and engineering works.

Reasons for increase in cotton textiles were : (i) Inventions of eighteenth century, e.g. cotton mill by Richard Arkwright. (ii) Enhanced output per worker by machines like cotton mills. (iii) Quality products with stronger threads, etc.

Guiseppe Mazzini was an Italian journalist and politician who lived back in the 19th century. He was the founder of Young Italy, a secret revolutionary society.

He was one among many who supported free democratic Italy rather than its monarch. He was the champion of the Risorgimento, a movement that happened for the unity of Italy. He used to support the republic ideology and united Italian states to be a country.

Mazzini organized a new political society called Young Italy. Young Italy was a secret society formed to promote Italian unification: "One, free, independent, republican nation." Mazzini believed that a popular uprising would create a unified Italy, and would touch off a European-wide revolutionary movement.

“Sharing of power between states and the centre governments is the basic to the structure of the Constitution of India”, because without this division of power it will be impossible to coexist in a diverse country like India. The states are significant parts of the union and the jurisdiction of both the state and union overlap at many areas, hence it is important to demarcate the boundaries , which are effectively done by the Constitution in India.
The Constitution clearly provided a three–fold distribution of legislative powers between the Union Government and the State Governments.
(i)  Union List includes subjects of national importance such as defence of the country, foreign affairs, banking, communication and currency. The Union Government alone can make laws relating to the subjects mentioned in the Union List.
(ii)  State List contains subjects of State and local importance such as police, trade, commerce, agriculture and irrigation. The State Governments alone can make laws relating to the subjects mentioned in the State List. This allows the constitution to avoid any conflict of power and clear jurisdictions. 

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As federalism has two or more levels of governments it has dual objectives.

(i) to safeguard and promote unity of the country.

(ii) and to accommodate regional diversity.

=> These two aspects are crucial for the institution and practice of federalism. The government at different levels should agree to some rules of power sharing.

=> They should also trust that each would abide by its part of agreement.

Hence, an ideal federal system has both aspects i.e., • Mutual trust and • Agreement to live together

• The unification of Italy is the result of dedication, contribution and effort of three great leaders Mazzini, Cavour and Garibaldi.
• During 1830s, Giuseppe Mazzini had tried to unite Italy. He formed the secret society called Young Italy.  But both the uprising in 1831 and 1848 failed.
• Even the ruling elites also wanted a unified Italy which would offer economic development and political dominance.
• The unification of Italy was a result of many wars. Chief Minister Cavour made a tactful diplomatic alliance with France and Sardinia-Piedmont succeeded in defeating the Austrian forces in 1859.
• A large number of armed volunteers under the leadership of Giuseppe Garibaldi joined the unification movement.
• In 1860, they marched into South Italy and the Kingdom of the Two Sicily succeeded to drive out the Spanish rulers with the help of local people.
• In 1861, Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed as king of United Italy.

In any parliament election a party gets 6% votes and at least 4 seats in loksabha. That party is recognise as a national party.

Every party in the country has to register with the Election Commission. It offers some special facilities for large and established parties. The Election Commission has laid down detailed criteria of the proportion of votes and seats that a party must get in order to be a recognised party.

1. A party that secures at least 6% of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least 2 seats is recognised as a State Party.
2. A party that secures at least 6% of the total votes in Lok Sabha elections or Assembly elections in 4 States and wins at least 4 seats in the Lok Sabha is recognised as a National Party.

Democratic government	Non-democratic government
Democracy is the best form of government as the rulers are accountable to the people and have to fulfill their needs.	The rulers are not accountable to the people and their needs.
In a democratic government, people elect their rulers and have right in decision making.	In non-democratic governments, people do not elect their rulers and have no right in decision making.
There is freedom of expression and people enjoy political rights.	There is no freedom of expression and people do not enjoy fundamental rights.
Example: India, USA.	Example: Saudi Arabia, Zimbabwe.

democratic government by the people , to the people , for people non democracy government is monarchy form of government all decisions taken by emperor , dectetaor and king

• The major social groups of Sri Lanka are: the Sinhala speakers (74 per cent) and the Tamil
  speakers (18 per cent).
• Among Tamils there are two sub-groups: Tamil natives of the country are called ‘Sri Lankan Tamils’ and the rest, whose forefathers came from India as plantation workers during colonial period are called ‘Indian Tamils’.
• Sri Lankan Tamils are concentrated in the north and east of the country.
• Most of the Sinhala-speaking people are Buddhists, while most of the Tamils are Hindus or Muslims. There are about 7 per cent Christians who are both Tamils and Sinhalas.

Ethnic Not Ethric ..

Belgium a small European country has Dutch, French and German speaking populations. While 59% of the total population of the country live in the flemish region and speak Dutch the other 40% of the people live in wallonia region and speak French. Hope it helps you ☺️

Belgium, a small European country, has Dutch-, French- and German-speaking populations. While 59% of the total population of the country live in the Flemish region and speak Dutch, the other 40% of the people live in the Wallonia region and speak French. In Brussels, the capital of Belgium, about 80% of the people speak French, while the remaining 20% speak Dutch.

Short Answer Type Questions [3 Marks] Question 1. How did people entertain themselves in the chawls of Bombay? Answer: The people in the chawls of Bombay entertained themselves in the following ways. Streets were used for different leisure activities. Magicians, monkey players or acrobats performed their acts here. People used to exchange news about jobs, strikes, riots or demonstrations. Liquor shops and akharas too came up where people spent their time. Question 2. Explain the concept of the ‘Garden City’? Who developed this system in London? Answer: The concept of the ‘Garden City’ was introduced to decongest localities in London.It was thought to have more green spaces that would serve as new lungs for the city that had been choking under pollution and crowd. For this less polluted large block of apartments were to be made to house the growing population in London. A pleasant space, full of plants and trees and beautiful views, would be developed where people would both live and work.This system was developed by an England based architect and planner Ebenezer Howard. Question 3. ‘The chawls of Bombay were a small cosmopolitan community in themselves’. Explain the statement. Answer: The chawls of Bombay were a small cosmopolitan community in themselves because of the following reasons. Chawls were multi-storeyed low cost buildings that were built during 1860s to house the anxious migrants into the city of Bombay. These were owned by private landlords who looked for quick ways of making money. Each chawl was divided into smaller one room tenement with no private toilet. In the middle of the chawl there was an open space for social and cultural gatherings. People from different social backgrounds lived here. Those who belonged to the depressed classes found it difficult to find space in these chawls. They lived in shelter along the roads by using corrugated sheets, leaves or bamboo poles. Long Answer Type Question [5 Marks] Question 4. Explain any five social changes that took place in the family life in the 18th century in London. Answer: Family became a unit of production and consumption along with political decision making. Functions and shape of the family transformed. Following were the social changes that took place in the family life in the 18th century in London. Ties between the members of the family began to loosen with marriages breaking down. Women among the lower social classes, who worked for wages, controlled their lives themselves. Spirit of individualism developed among men and women. As women lost their jobs from industries, public spaces became male dominated and domestic sphere was meant ideal for women. Women faced higher levels of isolation despite being helped by maids. 2015 Short Answer Type Questions [3 Marks] Question 5. Examine the condition of people living in chawls of Bombay. Answer: The people living in chawls were living in pitiful condition. Many people lived together in single tenements. Due to closeness of gutters and animal shelters, people had to keep their windows shut even in humid weather. There were no private toilets or water connections, which often led to quarrels among residents. Question 6. Who are philanthropists? Explain any two steps taken to control crime in London in the 1870s. Answer: Philanthropists were social workers, who worked for social upliftment and public morality. They took to donating time and money to fulfil their purpose. The following were the steps taken to control crime in London in the 1870s. Counting of criminal population, keeping a watch on their activities and investigating their way of life Imposing huge penalties and offering work for deseving poor. Question 7. When and why was the Rent Act passed in Bombay during the British days? What was its outcome? Answer: Rent Act was passed in Bombay in 1918 to keep the rents reasonable. It had a negative effect as landlords withdrew houses from the market, thus causing severe housing crises. Question 8. Explain how the underground railway was able to solve transport problems as well as housing crisis in London in the nineteenth century? Answer: The problem of transport and housing crises was solved by underground railway in the following ways. The London underground railway partially solved the housing crises by carrying large masses of people to and from the city. Better-planned suburbs and a good railway network enabled a large number of people to live outside London and travel to work. A large number of houses were built for the working class, most of them were single-family cottages. By 1880, the expanded train service was carrying 40 million passengers a year Long Answer Type Questions [5 Marks] Question 9. Describe the features of the big modern city of Calcutta (Kolkata) as viewed by the gods in the novel written by Durgacharan Roy. Answer: The following were the features witnessed by the gods in the novel written by Durgacharan Roy. The city was big and modern with improved transportation like train, large ships on rivers, etc. New forms of production units were belching smoke from the chimneys. Rivers were bounded by bridges. Monuments and a dazzling away of shops were selling a wide range of commodities. There were a lot of opportunities for trade and commerce, education and jobs. There was a negative aspect of the cities too. Poverty and poor housing were common with cheats and thieves, making their living by their tricks. The city had a confusing state of caste, religious and gender identities The city also witnessed breaking down of social distinctions, (any five) Question 10. State the history of air pollution in Calcutta during the nineteenth century. Answer: The following points sum up the history of air pollution in Calcutta during the nineteenth century. Calcutta had a long history of air pollution. Its inhabitants inhaled grey smoke, particularly in the winter. Since the city was built on marshy land, the resulting fog combined with smoke to generate thick black smog. High levels of pollution were a consequence of the huge population that depended on dung and wood as fuel in their daily life. But the main polluters were the industries and establishments that used steam engines run on coal. Colonial authorities were at first intent on clearing the place of miasmas, or harmful vapours, but the railway line, introduced in 1855, brought a dangerous new pollutant into the picture coal from Raniganj. The high content of ash in Indian coal was a problem. Many pleas were made to banish the dirty mills from the city, with no effect. However, in 1863, Calcutta became the first Indian city to get smoke nuisance legislation. 2014 Short Answer Type Questions [3 Marks] Question 11. State any three characteristics of the ancient cities. Answer: The following were the three characteristics of the ancient cities. Towns and cities, that first appeared along river valleys, such as Ur, Nippur and Mohenjodaro in ancient times, were larger in scale than other human settlements of those times. There were certain conditions needed for the development of ancient cities. It could develop only when an increase in food supplies made it possible to support a wide range of non-food producers. Cites were often the nucleus of political power, administrative network, trade and industry, religious institutions, and knowledge production. It supported variegated social groups such as artisans, merchants and priests. Question 12. Explain any three features of chawls of Bombay (Mumbai). Answer: The following were the three features of chawls of Bombay. Chawls were multi-storeyed structures that had been built from at least the 1860s in the native parts of the town. Each chawl was divided into smaller one-room tenements, which had no private toilets. Chawls were also the place for the exchange of news about jobs, strikes, riots or demonstrations. Question 13. Explain how the underground railways was able to solve transport problems as well as housing crisis in London in the late nineteenth century? Answer: Refer to answer 8. Question 14. Describe various steps which were taken to clean up London. Answer: The following steps were taken to clean up London. Attempts were made to decongest localities, reduce pollution and landscape the city. Large apartments were built to accommodate the growing population. Rent control was introduced to ease the impact of severe housing shortage. Green open spaces were extended to beautify the city. Question 15. Ties between members of household loosened in Britain in the era of industrialization. Explain the statement. Answer: The function and shape of the family was completely transformed by life in the industrial city. Ties between members of households loosened. Among working class, the institution of marriage tended to break down. Women of upper and middles classes in Britain faced increasingly high level of isolation. Their lives though were made easier by maids who cooked, cleared and cared for young children on low wages. Women who worked had some control over their lives, especially among the lower social classes. When women lost their industrial jobs, conservative people forced them to withdraw into their homes. The 20th century saw another change; the family became the heart of new market of goods, services and of ideas. Families after the war became smaller units. The city encouraged a new spirit of individualism among both men and women, and freedom from the collective values. Question 16. How was the family life transformed in the industrial city during the 18th century? Answer: Refer to answer 15. Question 17. Why was the underground rail criticized in London? Explain the reasons. Answer: The underground railway in London was constructed to solve the housing problem. It was criticized initially because of the following reasons. A newspaper reported the danger to health and asphyxiation (lack of air) and heat in the train compartments. It was referred to as iron monsters, which added to the mess of the city. Charles Dickens in Dombey and Son described its destructive process of construction. About 900 houses were destroyed to make two miles of railways. It led to a large-scale displacement of the poor. The underground railway created huge ecological and environmental problem. The process of construction led to large-scale destruction of forests and other natural features. Long Answer Type Question [5 Marks] Question 18. Explain the changes in the work available to women in London during the 19th and 20th century. Answer: The following were the changes in the work available to women in London during the 19th and 20th century. Factories employed large numbers of women in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. With technological developments, women gradually lost their industrial jobs and were forced to work within households. The 1861 census recorded a quarter of a million domestic servants in London, of whom the vast majority were women, many of them recent migrants. A large number of women used their homes to increase family income by taking in lodgers or through activities like tailoring, washing and matchbox making. There was a change once again in the twentieth century. As women got employment in wartime industries and offices, they withdrew from domestic service. 2013 Short Answer Type Question [3 Marks] Question 19. “The congestion in the nineteenth century industrial city led to a yearning for clean country air.” Explain how the wish of the people fulfilled. Answer: The following points sum up how the Londoners got their wish for a clean air fulfilled. Due to the increasing pollution level, Londoners made demands for new ‘lungs’ for the city. Some attempts were made to bridge the gap between city and countryside through ideas like the Green Belt around London. The notion of the Garden City came into being, which was a pleasant space full of plants and trees, where people would both live and work. Smoke Abatement Acts of 1847 and 1853 were passed to clear the air. Long Answer Type Question [5 Marks] Question 20. How was the condition of urban family transformed by the 20th century? Answer: The condition of urban family transformed in the following ways. By the twentieth century, the urban family had been transformed once again due to First World War. Women played an important part in this. This transformation came into being partly by the experience of the valuable wartime work done by women, who were employed in large numbers to meet war demands. The family now consisted of much smaller units and helped each other in the processes of production. Due to these developments, the family became the heart of a new market. It propelled the production of goods and services, and ideas. The ties between the members of households loosened and institution of marriage broke down. 2012 Short Answer Type Questions [3 Marks] Question 21. How did the development or expansion of Bombay (Mumbai) differ from that of London? Give any three points of difference. Answer: The development or expansion of Bombay and London was different in the following ways. The development of Bombay was the result of fear about spread of plague epidemic, whereas the development of London was the outcome of the fear of spread of social disorder. Bombay faced scarcity of land while London had plenty of land in the countryside. The pace of development in Bombay was slower as compared to that in London. Bombay developed as a port town while London developed as an industrial town. Question 22. Who are philanthropists? Explain any two steps taken to control crime in London in the 1870s. Answer: Refer to answer 6. Question 23. Explain any three problems faced by people who migrated to Bombay in the mid-nineteenth century. Answer: The problems faced by migrated people in Bombay in the mid nineteenth century were as follows. Housing: They were forced to live in cheap and unsafe multistoreyed structures called chawls. More than 70 per cent migrants lived in these thickly-populated chawls. They were overcrowded with no toilets and privacy. Shortage of water and other basic amenities: Water was scarce, which led to daily quarrels at the tap. People had to use streets and neighbourhood for cooking, washing and sleeping. Caste discrimination: Depressed classes faced difficulties in finding house. They were kept out of chawls and had to live in shelters made of sheets, leaves or bamboo poles. Fear of spread of diseases: Being overcrowded and built in an unplanned way, there was a constant danger of spread of epidemic diseases like plague and other communicable diseases in chawls. 2011 Short Answer Type Question [3 Marks] Question 24. Why was the land reclamation in Bombay necessary? Mention any two land reclamation projects taken up in Bombay. Answer: Being a multi-functional presidency city of British India, Bombay witnessed a huge surge in migration. To accomodate a large number of people, the expansion of the city was required, which always posed a problem because of the scarcity of land. The only way to solve this problem was land reclamation.Two land reclamation projects taken up in Bombay in the late 18th century were as follows. Reclamation of the western foreshore from the tip of Malabar Hill to the end of Colaba by Back Bay Reclamation Company in 1864. Development of dry dock between 1914 and 1918 by Bombay Port Trust, where the excavated earth was used to create Ballard Estate. Long Answer Type Question [5 Marks] Question 25. How did the city development occur at the cost of ecology and environment? Answer: The city development occurred at the cost of ecology and environment in the following ways. Growing demands for factories, housing, etc. led to the destruction of natural fractures like countryside and forests. Large quantities of refuse and waste from homes polluted air and water. Widespread use of coal and wood in homes raised serious environmental issues. In industrial cities, black smoke from chimneys turned the skies grey and vegetation degraded. Excessive noise from industries and railways became a feature of urban life. 2010 Long Answer Type Question [5 Marks] Question 26. Describe in brief the development of Bombay (Mumbai) as the Prime City of India. Answer: In the seventeenth century, Bombay was a group of seven islands under Portuguese control. It passed into British hands after the marriage of Britain’s King Charles II to the Portuguese Princess. It became a prominent base for East India Company after it had shifted from Surat. It became a major cotton textile outlet. Later, it began functioning as a port, which dealt with raw materials like cotton and opium. After the Anglo-Maratha war and the defeat of Marathas, it became the capital of Bombay Presidency in 1819. The city expanded quickly. As trade grew, communities like traders, bankers, artisans and shopkeepers settled in Bombay. The establishment of textile mills and migration of people made it a prime city of India. 2009 Short Answer Type Question [3 Marks] Question 27. What was the tradition of London Season? Explain different forms of entertainment which came up in 19th century England to provide leisure activities for the people? Answer: In the late 18th century, various cultural events like the opera, the theatre and classical music performances were organised for wealthy and elite group of England. These events were organised annually. This was called London Season. With the coming of 19th century, other forms of entertainment provided leisure activities like the following. Pubs for working class, where they met, drank, exchanged news and organised for political action. Pleasure gardens provided facilities for sport and refreshment for well-to- do families. Libraries and museums equipped people with a sense of pride in historical achievements. Music halls and cinema were popular among mixed audiences. Industrial workers relaxed on the beaches to get the benefits of sun and bracing winds.

A symbol stands for an idea. The Statue of Liberty stands in Upper New York Bay, a universal symbol of freedom. Originally conceived as an emblem of the friendship between the people of France and the U.S. and a sign of their mutual desire for liberty, over the years the Statue has become much more.

In India, the consumer movement as a ‘social force’ originated with the necessity of protecting and promoting the interests of consumers against unethical and unfair trade practices. Because of all these efforts, a significant initiative was taken in 1986 by the Indian government. It has implemented the Consumer Protection Act 1986, popularly known as COPRA.

Consumers have the right to seek redressal against unfair trade practices and exploitation. The consumer movement in India has led to the formation of various organisations, known as consumer forums or consumer protection councils. They guide consumers on how to file cases in the consumer court.

COPRA, a three-tier quasi judicial machinery at the district, state and national levels was set up for redressal of consumer disputes.

• The district-level court called District Forum, which deals with the cases involving claims up to Rs 20 lakh
• The state level court called State Commission, which deals with the cases involving claims between Rs 20 lakh and Rs 1 crore.
• The national level court is known as the National Commission, which deals with cases involving claims exceeding Rs 1 crore. If a case is dismissed in district-level court, a consumer can also appeal in the state and subsequently in national-level courts.

Laterite soil

The laterite soil is formed under conditions of high temperature and heavy rainfall. They are the result of intense leaching due to alternate wet and dry periods. With rain, lime and silica get leached away and soils rich in iron oxide and auminium compound are left behind.

When trade takes place between two countries it is known as international trade.
(i) It is very important for the development of a country. Advancement of international trade of a country is an index to its economic prosperity.
(ii) As the resources are space bound, no country can survive without international trade.
(iii) It enables a country to earn foreign exchange which is needed to import essential goods. It is, therefore, considered the economic barometer for a country.

• Gujarat is famous for its rich and varied cultural and natural heritage. Sahastralinga Lake, Step-well of Queen (Rani-ni-Vav) and Rudra Mahalaya Temple of Siddhapur are worth seeing architectures of Patan. The ruins of Rudra Mahalaya temple in Siddhapur depicts the grandeur of Siddhapur which is located 26 km away from Patan.
• Ahmedabad has a rich ancient heritage consisting of Bhadra Fort, Jama Masjid, Mosque of Queen Sipri, Roza of Sarkhej, Kankaria Lake, Shaking Minara (Jhulta-Minara), Sidi Saiyad Jali (Grill), Mosque of Queen Roopmati, etc.
• Dholavira is known for its ideal town planning. Due to a part of Harappan culture, it was quite famous as a centre of trade and commerce. Archaeologists discovered about 5000 years old bead and ornament making factories in Dholavira.
• Lothal is a rich architectural site depicting the great Indus Valley Civilization. The famous buildings of Champaner include Moti Masjid, Jama Masjid and the historical fort. The fort of Vadnagar, Sharmishta lake and arches are monuments worth seeing. The arches are created on the two erected pillars creating bow-like shapes.
• Shamlaji temple near Meshwo River is also an ancient place for pilgrimage. There were also many Stupas and Viharas built in Gujarat during Kshatrap period. The remains of Buddhist Stupas can be found from Bordevi of Junagadh district, Dev ni morinear Shamlaji, Intva stupa in Gimar near Junagadh, etc.
• Gujarat also boasts of many other architectures such as Dev ni mori Bavapyara, Uparkot, Khapra Kodiya, Khambhaliya, Talaja, Sana, Dhank, Jhinjhurijhar, Kadiya Dungar, etc. Ancient Jain temples on Shetrunjya mountains at Palitana in Bhavnagar district are extremely artistic. After of these temples were built in 11th century.
• Taranga is another Jain pilgrim situated on the hill near Timba village at Kheralu taluka in Mehsana district. The temple of Taramati is also situated here. Somnath temple at Gir- Somnath district and Dwarkadhish temple of Devbhoomi Dwarka have beautiful historical heritage. Many such beautiful places are there in Gujarat which makes our cultural heritage rich and prosperous.

Following are the advantages of road transport:

1. Door to Door Service : Roads provide transport facilities right upto the consumer residence or factory. 

2. Universal availability : Roads can be built in all types of regions including hilly, undulating desert and marshy lands. 

3. Convenient in transportation of perishable commodities : Quick transport of perishable commodities like fruits, milk, vegetables is possible through road transport.

4. Lower construction and maintenance costs : Roads have lower construction and maintenance cost in comparison to that of railways.

5. Ideal to short distance transport: Roads are ideal for short distance travel and transport

India adopted multi-party system for the following reasons
(i) Being a vast, and diverse country, the multi-party system was needed to accommodate the vast population.
(ii) The diverse social and geographical features could not be represented with two or three parties.
(iii) The multi-party system in India evolved over a long time, depending on the nature of society, its social, regional division, its history of politics and its system of elections.
(iv) Multi-party system ensures a healthy competition between different parties and prevents dictatorship of a single party. Indian Constitution declares India as a democratic country. Multi-party system fulfils this criteria and provides chance for proper growth of the nation.

Yes the country's like India have multi party system. Because there are many other plattform of work to do that cannot be handle by a single me

Because it is interlinked. From even the most unfamiliar part to even the most familiar part

Because the styagrahis were become violent in many places and they were not ready for maas struggle so gandhi ji decided to withdraw the non cooperation method Also there are some many other reason for the withdrawal of non cooperation movement

Due to mass agitation of protestors all over the Indiia. In some places the protestors clashed with the police.. After ""CHAURI CHAURA INCIDENT in 1922""Mahatma gandi called a halt to Non cooperation movement......

Allegory is a symbol of a nation and it expresses liberty , freedom , justice , greed through a person and thing.
They might also act as political satire.
It is representation of abstract ideas and principles by characters. Allegory plays an important role in the nation's building.
Examples
1) Marianne, allegory of france , a popular christened name. It represents ideas of the liberty, freedom . Which underlined the ideas of a people' s nation. Jer characteristics were drawn from those of Liberty , Republic- the red cap, the tri- colour and the cockade. To popularise the national symbols, statue of the Marianne were erected in public square.
2) Germania, allegory of german nation. She wore crown of oak leaves, as the german oak stands for heroism.It symbolizes strength; courage and freedom.
These allegories were erected in public square and figures were put on coins and stamps for the people to identify with her and nation.

Allegory is a symbol of nation and it expresses liberty, freedom, justice, greed through a person and thing. They might also act as a political satire.

RIGHT TO BE HEARD Right to be heard means that consumer's interests will receive due consideration at appropriate forums. ... RIGHT TO INFORMATION The conumer has the right to be informed about the quality, quantity, potency, purity, standard and price of goods so as to protect the consumer against unfair trade practices.

Cbse answer class ten

main basis of social division in Sri Lanka:-
1. The main basis of social division in Sri Lanka is Majoritarianism which means that majority is given to Sinhala people in Sri Lanka and minority is given to community Sri Lankan Tamils.

2. The democratically elected government in Sri Lanka declared Sinhalese as official language of Sri Lanka, disregarding Tamils. This became a main social division of language between the two communities in Sri Lanka.

Compare the 3 sectors of Indian Economy in terms of GDP.

Paddy also called rice paddy, small,level and flooded field. It is used to cultivate the rice in Southern and Eastern parts of Asia. Wet rice cultivation is the most prevalent method of farming in the far east where it utilizes a small fraction of the total land get feed the majority of the rural people.

In India, the consumer movement as a ‘social force’ originated with the necessity of protecting and promoting the interests of consumers against unethical and unfair trade practices. Because of all these efforts, a significant initiative was taken in 1986 by the Indian government. It has implemented the Consumer Protection Act 1986, popularly known as COPRA.

Three stages of resouce planning are :

1. Identification and inventory of resources across the regions of the country. This involves surveying, mapping and the qualitative estimation and measurement of the resources.
2. Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate technology, skill and institutional set up for implementing resource development plans.
3. Matching the resource development plans with overall national development plans.

Thanks

STOCK:
○Those materials in the environment which have the potential to satisfy human needs but humans do not have the appropriate technology to access these.

○For e.g. Minerals found in the sea bed or under oceans.

There is need to expand formal sources of credit in India as:

(i)This would lead to higher incomes and many people could then borrow cheaply for a variety of needs.

(ii)They could grow crops, do business, set up small-scale industries etc.

(iii)They could set up new industries or trade in goods. Cheap and affordable credit is crucial for the country’s development.

A positive charge is moving vertically upwards. When it enters a region of magnetic field directed towards north, what is the direction of force on the charge?

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Positive charge is moving vertically upwards and magnetic field is directed towards north. Therefore, direction of force is towards west.