Prussia took on the leadership of the movement for national unification. Its chief minister, Otto von Bismarck, was the architect of this process carried out with the help of the Prussian army and bureaucracy. Three wars over seven years-with Austria, Denmark and France-ended in Prussian victory and completed the process of unification.

Otto von bismark

The cartoon shows a puppet show run by Berlusconi. It signifies that the party members are behaving as a puppet of the leader. They do not have individual opinions and there is a lack of internal democracy in the party. It shows the strength of money, connection and power that Berlusconi holds in the party.

Final goods  

(i) The goods which are used either for final consumption or for capital formation.  

(ii) The value of final I goods is included in the national income.  

(iii) Example, television, bread or bakery products, etc.  

Intermediate goods  

(i) The goods which are used up in producing the final goods and services.  

(ii) The value of intermediate goods is not included in the national income.  

(iii) Example, flour, cotton, etc.

1. RBI plays an important role in controlling the formal sector loans. 2. Formal sectors of loans like banks have to submit all information to RBI about the loans given by it such as about collaterol demanded,interest rate charged by the bank on that loan. 3. RBI can enquiry to banks and cooperatives about anything related to loans. Hope this answer will help you .......HAPPY TO HELP??

Bank has to submit information to the RBI on how much they are lending , to whom and what interest rate they are lending to borrowers & etc. The bank maintain a minimum cash balance out of the deposits they receive. The RBI monitors the banks in actually maintaining cash balance

• The RBI (Reserve Bank Of India) ensures that the banks give loans not just to profit-making businesses and traders,but also to small scale industries,small borrowers.
• Bank has to submit information to the RBI on how much they are lending , to whom and what interest rate they are lending to borrowers & etc.
• The bank maintain a minimum cash balance out of the deposits they receive.
• The RBI monitors the banks in actually maintaining cash balance.

An asset that is owned by borrowers and uses as a guarantee to a lender till loan time loan is repaid

Collateral is an asset that the borrower owns (such as lands, buildings ,vehicles ,livestock and deposits with bank ) and uses this as a guarantee to a lender until the loan is repaid.

Collateral is an asset or form of physical wealth that the borrower owns like house, livestock, vehicle etc. It is against these assets that the banks provide loans to the borrower.

Collateral is an asset or form of physical wealth that the borrower owns like house, livestock, vehicle etc. It is against these assets that the banks provide loans to the borrower. The borrower uses assets as a guarantee to a lender until the loan is repaid.

A system of money in general use in a particular country is called currency.
Indian currency is rupee 
1- currency is easy to carry and use
2-it is excepted all over the country by the medium of exchange
3-no double co-incidence of wants

The situation when both parties r agreed to exchange their goods. For example. If I want to buy a pair of shoes and having wheat to exchange, then if the shoe maker is agreed to exchange his pair of shoes in return of shoes. This is the situation of double coincidence of wants.

The double coincidence of wants mean that both the parties have to agree to sell and buy each other's commodity i.e. what a person desires to sell is exactly what the other person wishes to buy.

The three sectors are primary sector or the agriculture related sector secondary sector of the manufacturing sector Teri sector or the service sector

1. Primary sector 2. Secondary sector 3. Tertiary sector

There are three sectors in the Indian economy, they are; primary economy, secondary economy, and tertiary economy. In terms of operations, the Indian economy is divided into organized and unorganized. While for ownership, it is divided into the public sector and the private sector. 

(i) The Rowlatt Act was passed in 1919 by the British government despite the united opposition of the Indian members. (ii) It gave enormous powers to the government. (iii) Now, the British government could suppress the political activities, and allow detention of political prisoners without trial for two years.Indian people reacted to it stoutly. Under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, they decided to launch a nationwide Satyagraha against the proposed Rowlatt Act (1919). (i) Rallies were organised in various cities. (ii) Workers went on strike in railway workshops. (iii) Shops closed down. To suppress the nationalists the British administration (i) Put the local leaders in jail. (ii) Debarred Mahatma Gandhi from entering Delhi. (iii) On 10 April, the police in Amritsar fired upon a peaceful procession. (iv) On 13 April, the Jallianwalla Bagh incident took place.

(i) The Rowlatt Act was passed in 1919 by the British government despite the united opposition of the Indian members.
(ii) It gave enormous powers to the government.
(iii) Now, the British government could suppress the political activities, and allow detention of political prisoners without trial for two years.Indian people reacted to it stoutly. Under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, they
decided to launch a nationwide Satyagraha against the proposed Rowlatt Act (1919).
(i) Rallies were organised in various cities.
(ii) Workers went on strike in railway workshops.
(iii) Shops closed down.
To suppress the nationalists the British administration
(i) Put the local leaders in jail.
(ii) Debarred Mahatma Gandhi from entering Delhi.
(iii) On 10 April, the police in Amritsar fired upon a peaceful procession.
(iv) On 13 April, the Jallianwalla Bagh incident took place.

(i) In the year 1919, the British Government passed a new rule called Rowlatt Act, under which the Government had the authority and power to arrest people and keep them in prisons without any trial if they are suspected with the charge of terrorism. 

(ii) Mahatma Gandhi was extremely agitated by enactment of Rowlatt Act. He was extremely critical about the act and argued that everyone cannot be punished for isolated political crime. 

(iii) The Act was ill famed as 'Black Act' by the people and Indians revolt in protest against the Rowlatt Act.

The Rowlatt Act was passed by the British government to increase their grip on power over the common folk. This law was passed in March 1919 by the Imperial Legislative Council which gave them the power to arrest any person without any trial. To abolish this act, Gandhi and the other leaders called for a Hartal (suspension of work) to show Indians’ objection with this rule.

The impact of Rowlatt Satyagrah on political situation in India was immense. Gandhi organised Rowlatt Satyagrah against the Rowlatt Act which gave enormous power to the government to suppress the political activities of Indian leaders.

In opposition of the Act, protests and rallies were organised in various cities, workers went on strikes in railway workshops, and shops closed down. The British government tried to suppress the nationalist activity brutally. Local leaders were picked up from Amritsar, and Mahatma Gandhi was barred from entering Delhi. After attacks on post offices and railways, martial law was imposed and General Dyer took command. Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place on April 13, 1919. This incident shocked the entire nation. As the news of Jallianwalla Bagh spread, crowds took to the streets in many north Indian towns. There were strikes, clashes with the police and attacks on government buildings.

Thus, we can say that the Rowlatt Satyagrah led to an increase in nationalist activities of people in the country

Stock :- Resources that satisfies human needs These have not been utilized yet. The reason is due to lack of technology Example :- Water [ it satisfies our needs , but we cant make water ourselves by combining hydrogen and water { lack of technology } ] Reserves :- These resources can be utilized by using appropriate technology. Even after having technology to utilize it , it has been kept aside for future requirements Example :- Water in dams

Differences between stock resources and reserves

Or

Stock :-
Resources that satisfies human needs
These have not been utilized yet.
The reason is due to lack of technology
Example :-  Water [ it satisfies our needs , but we cant make water ourselves by combining hydrogen and water { lack of technology } ]

Reserves :-
These resources can be utilized by using appropriate technology.
Even after having technology to utilize it , it has been kept aside for future requirements
Example :-
Water in dams 

Peoples participation - involvement of community leaders to give a shape to the programmes run by the PSUs that aim at benefitting larger sections of the society. 2. Reduce corruption in PSUs at all levels to increase efficiency. 3. Use technology even at grass root level to chalk out plans and public delivery of services.

1. Peoples participation - involvement of community leaders to give a shape to the programmes run by the PSUs that aim at benefitting larger sections of the society.
2. Reduce corruption in PSUs at all levels to increase efficiency.
3. Use technology even at grass root level to chalk out plans and public delivery of services.

Three ways to improve public facilities in India are listed below; 1. The availability of basic services such as education, healthcare, clean and safe drinking water, sanitation etc. by the government and its institutions must be ensured by eliminating the middlemen from the system. The initiative such as DBT (Direct Benefit Transfer), Clean India Mission, taken by the present incumbent government are praiseworthy in this regard. 2. The most filthiest enemy in provisioning of public services is corruption. It inhibits economic growth and affects society at large. The recent move of demonetisation by the government of India is a giant step towards combating corruption and its various forms. 3.The services must reach the poor and the backward sections of the society in the remotest areas which certifies its implementation by the government in improving the living conditions of the people at large.

Three ways to improve public facilities in India are listed below;

1. The availability  of basic services such as education, healthcare, clean and safe drinking water, sanitation etc. by the government and its institutions  must be ensured by eliminating the middlemen from the system. The initiative such as DBT (Direct Benefit Transfer), Clean India Mission,  taken by the present incumbent government are  praiseworthy in this regard.

2. The most filthiest enemy in provisioning of public services is corruption. It inhibits economic growth  and affects society at large. The recent move of demonetisation  by the government of India is a giant step towards combating corruption and its various forms.

3.The services must reach the poor and  the backward sections of the society in the remotest areas which certifies its implementation by the government in improving the living conditions of the people at large.

Any substance added to a food item to reduce its quality in order to increase its quantity is called an adulterant. This act of addition of the adulterant in food item is known as food adulteration. The addition of adulterant may be intentional or accidental. But generally the adulterant addition is intentional. The major reason for the intentional addition of these adulterants is for increasing the profit margin on the expense of the health of the public or consumer.
Examples -
1. In the name of original ghee, it is adulterated with vanaspati.
2. Honey is adulterated with sugar.
Harmful effects of food adulteration -
1. It leads to serious health hazards like cancer, cardiac problem, insomnia and paralysis and other neurological problems or even death as well.
2. It reduces the quality of commodity as well as create economic loss to the consumer.
Measures formulated to prevent the problem of food Adulteration in India -Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954 - It was enacted to eradicate rampant evil of food adulteration and to ensure purity in food articles so as to maintain public health.

The two most important cereal crops in India are rice and wheat. Two leading cereal producing states are West Bengal (leading producer of rice) and Uttar Pradesh (leading producer of wheat).

Cheap and affordable credit is crucial for the country's development due to the following factors: 

• More lending would lead to higher incomes and encourage people to invest in agriculture, engage in business and set up small scale industries. 
• Cheap credit means more income would be left with the borrower to reinvest rather than return as interest. This leads to acceleration of economic activity.
• Cheap credit would also allow weaker sections of society to enter formal sector of lending and rid them of exploitation at the hands of informal moneylenders. Thus, it may improve the economic condition of the poor and landless.

Economic development depends on several factors: the country’s population size, global situation, cooperation from other countries, economic priorities adopted by the country, etc. There is a significant difference in the rates of economic growth between countries under dictatorship and democracy. So, democracy is preferred as it has several positive outcomes.

National Party: A party that secures at least six per cent of total votes in Lok Sabha elections or Assembly elections in four States and wins at least four seats in the Lok Sabha is recognised as a national party.

According to this classification, there were six national recognised parties in the country in 2006.

1. Indian National Congress (INC): This is popularly known as the Congress Party. This is one of the oldest parties of the world and was founded in 1885. The Congress Party had played a dominant role in Indian politics at the national and state level for several decades after India’s Independence. Since the first general elections in 1952, the Congress party had been in power continuously till 1977. After that, it came back to power in 1980 and remained till 1989. The Congress Party once again came back to power in 1991 for another five years. Congress Party came back in power in 2004 and completed two terms in office, i.e. ten years.
2. Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP): This party was founded in 1980 by reviving the erstwhile Bharatiya Jana Sangh. Building a strong and modern India is the main goal of this party. The BJP wants to promote cultural nationalism (or ‘Hindutva). This party wants full territorial and political integration of Jammu and Kashmir with India, a uniform civil code and a ban on religious conversions. It support base increased significantly in the 1990s. The Party came to power in 1998 and remained in power till 2004. This party stormed back to power in centre in 2014, and was re-elected in 2019 with absolute mejority.
3. Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP): This party was formed in 1984 under the leadership of Kanshi Ram. The party seeks to represent and secure power for the bahujan samaj which includes the dalits, adivasis, OBCs and religious minorities. This party has good presence in Uttar Pradesh and has been in power in UP for a couple of terms.
4. Communist Party of India - Marxist (CPI-M): This party was founded in 1964. Marxism- Leninism is the main philosophy of this party and it supports socialism, secularism. The party enjoys strong support in West Bengal, Kerala and Tripura, especially among the poor, factory workers, farmers, agricultural labourers and the intelligentsia. The CPI has off late slipped in its hold over public and has lost power in West Bengal and Kerala.

Features of Federalism:

1. There are two or more levels of government.
2. Different levels of government govern the same citizens, where each level has its own jurisdiction in specific matters of legislation, taxation and administration.
3. Existence and authority of each level of government is constitutionally governed.
4. The fundamental provisions of the constitution cannot be unilaterally changed. Such changes require the consent of both the levels of government.
5. Courts have the power to interpret the constitution. The highest court acts as the umpire if any dispute arises between different levels of government.
6. Sources of revenue for each level of government are specified to ensure its financial autonomy.

Political Party:
A political party is a group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government. Always political parties take some policies and programmes for the society with a view to promote the collective good.
There are different views on what is good for the society and people. Every political party wants to persuade people why their policies are better than other parties, and tries to win the suppott of people.
Three Components of a Political Party:
(i) The Leaders Every political party has some prominent leaders who formulate policies and programmes of the party and choose candidates for contesting elections.
(ii) The Active Members They are involved in different committees of the party and participate directly in their activity.
(iii) The Followers They believe in the party’s ideology and support the party by casting their votes in favour of the party at the time of election.

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(b) Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. Since globalization leads to movement of goods, services, people and technology across nations, developing countries are likely to become at par with developed countries in terms of technological development.

(b) Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. Since globalization leads to movement of goods, services, people and technology across nations, developing countries are likely to become at par with developed countries in terms of technological development.

Italy was divided into smaller kingdoms namely Sardinia, Lombardy, Venetia and Sicily. Among these, Sardinia was the most powerful one. The Papal states, comprising Rome and Central Italy were under the Pope.Cavour was able to annex the kingdoms of Parma, Lombardy, Modena, Tuscany and parts of the Papal states in 1859. A bold sailor called Giuseppe Garibaldi annexed the rest of the territories of Naples. Venetia, which was under Austria was ceded to Italy by Austria in 1866 when Austria was weakened by the Prussian war. Rome refused to become part of the Italian state. In 1870, Prussia attacked France and the Pope stopped getting support from the French king. Rome was forcibly entered into and occupied by the Italians. Finally, the state of Italy emerged as an independent nation state in 1871 with Victor Emmanuel as the king.

Italy got unified in 1861..guseippe gariboldi helped to collect the support of peasents and others. Guseippe Mazzini also tried out in making other societies like young Italy young Europe...... Finally victor Emmanuel 2 proclaimed as king in 1861 of unified Italy..

No

No , it is only for the internal assessment!

No ,only for internal assessment

No , it is only for internal assessment

No , it is only for the internal assessment!

Answer:

'Utopian vision' means that it is depicting something idealistic. The French artist F Sorrieu was visualizing a dream of a world made up of nations (all of them did not exist as nations at the time that these prints were made). He has showed the German people with a common flag, although actually they were a number of different states at that time. So it is an idealistic or Utopian vision.

Count camilo de cavour

If you not believe me search on google

Count Cavour was known as the Bismarck of Italy

Guissepe Garibaldi

G.Mazzini

The steps to be taken to minimize environmental degradation by industry are:

Minimizing water pollution:

1. Minimizing use water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages.

2. Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements.

3. Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds.

4. Treatment of industrial effluents done in three phases:

a. Primary treatment by mechanical means. This involves screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation.

b. Secondary treatment by biological process.

c. Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical processes. This involves recycling of wastewater.

5. Overdrawing of ground water reserves by industry where there is a threat of ground water resources also needs to be regulated legally.

Minimizing air pollution:

1. Particulate matter in the air can be reduced by fitting smoke stacks to factories with electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators.

2. Smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of coal in factories.

Minimizing noise pollution:

1. Machinery and equipment can be used and generators should be fitted with silencers.

2. Almost all machineries can be redesigned to increase energy efficiency and reduce noise.

3. Noise absorbing materials may be used apart from personal use of earplugs and earphones.
 

1) Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds. 2) Careful planning and setting of industries. 3) Control over use of mineral wealth. 4) Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements.

Agriculture and industry are not exclusive of each other. They move hand in hand.
(i) The agro-based industries have given a major boost to agriculture by raising its productivity.
(ii) The   agro-based   industries   depend   on agriculture for raw materials and sell their products such as fertilisers, insecticides, irrigation pumps, PVC pipes, machines and tools, etc to the farmers.
(iii) Thus, development and competitiveness of manufacturing industry has not only assisted agriculturists in increasing their production but also made production process very efficient.

Sorry yrr they are not exclusive of each other

Agriculture and industry are not exclusive of each other,rather they are interdependent on each other. 1)Agriculture provides the raw materials for most of the industries like textiles,rubber,sugar and industries offer the processing destination for the agricultural output

No they are exclusive of each other

Jute plays an important role in providing raw material to the jute industry. The industry generates a large employment opportunities and earns valuable foreign exchange. ... So jute is an important commercial crop of India and manufacture of jute goods is a major industry.

The deterioration of the quality of land is known as land degradation. Mining anddeforestation have deteriorated the quality of land in Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand and Odisha. Overgrazing is one of the main reasons for the land degradation in Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh. In Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh, excess irrigation has resulted in water logging leading to increased soil salinity. In major metropolitan cities, industrial effluents have degraded the land. 

• Afforestation
• Proper management of grazing and wastelands
• Control on unrestricted mining

Land conservation is the process of protecting natural land and returning developed land to its natural state. ... Preservation is when lands and their natural resources should not be consumed by humans and should instead be maintained in their pristine form.

The jute industry directly supports 2.61 lakh workers. It also supports 40 lakh small and marginal farmers who are engaged in cultivation of jute and mesta.

100 million people The textile industry employs over 100 million people across the country