Working hard to achieve something for example your goal. Example salt March from social science chapter nationalism in India In which they described that what is struggle. There mahatma gandiji struggle it means worked hard to achieve or to abolish the salt law which was done by British ??? government.

Hard try for something

India has varied relief features, landforms, climatic realms and vegetation types. These have contributed in the development of various types of soils.

1.Alluvial soil: This is the most widely spread and important soil. It consists of various proportions of sand, silt and clay. According to the age of the soil alluvial soils can be classified as.
Bangar (Old Alluvial).
Khadar (New Alluvial).
2. Black soil: These soils are black in colour and are also known as regur soils. Black soil is ideal for growing cotton and is also known as black cotton soil. This type of soil is typical of the Deccan trap region spread over northwest Deccan plateau. They are made up of extremely fine i.e. clayey material.
3. Red and yellow soil: Red soil develops on ciystalline igneous rocks in areas of low rainfall in the eastern and southern parts of Deccan plateau. Yellow and red soils are found in parts of Orissa, Chhattisgarh, southern parts of the middle Ganga plain and along the piedmont zone of the western ghats.
4. Laterite soil: The laterite soil develops in areas with high temperature and heavy rainfall. Humus content of the soil is low because most of the organisms get destroyed due to high temperature.
5. Arid soil: Arid soils range from red to brown in colour. They are generally sandy in texture and saline nature. It lacks moisture and humus due to high temperature and evaporation.
6. Forest soils: This soils is found in the hilly and mountainous areas where sufficient rain forests are available. The soils texture varies according to the mountain environment where they are formed. They are loamy and silly in valley sides and coarse grained in the upper slopes.

(1) There is low cost of iron ore, since huge amount of raw material is required to run the industry.

(2) High grade raw materials should be in proximity so that transportation cost will not be very high.

(3) Cheap labor is available since huge manpower is required to run the machines.

(4) There should be vast growth potential in the home market.

(5) The place should have good transport facilities i.e. well-developed rail and road transport.

In an effort to win them over, the Viceroy, Lord Irwin, announced in October 1929, a vague offer of ‘dominion status’ for India in an unspecified future and a round table conference to discuss a future constitution. This did not satisfy the Congress leaders. The radicals within the Congress, led by Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhas Chandra Bose, became more assertive. The liberals and moderates, who were proposing a constitutional system within the framework of British dominion, gradually lost their influence.

(i) The Gudem rebellion spread in response to the Non Cooperation Movement in 1921.
(ii) In the Gudem Hills of Andhra Pradesh, a militant guerrila movement spread in the early 1920s under the leadership of Alluri Sitaram Raju Against forest laws.
(iii) The rebels proclaimed that he was an incarnation of God as he could make correct astrological predictions and heal people.
(iv) Raju talked of the greatness of Mahatma . Gandhi and was inspired by Non Cooperation Movement, and persuaded people to wear Khadi and give up drinking. But at the same time he asserted that India could be liberated only by the use of force.
(v) The Gudem rebels attacked police station, attempted to kill British officials and carried on guerrilla warfare for achieving swaraj. Raju was arrested and executed in 1924.

(1) Mahatma Gandhi wanted non-violent civil disobedience against such unjust laws, which would start with a hartal on 6 April, 1919.

(2) Rallies were organised in various cities, workers went on strike in railways, workshops, and shops .were closed down.

(3) A peaceful protest meeting was organized at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar.

(4) Local leaders were picked up from Amritsar, and Mahatma Gandhi was barred from entering Delhi.

(5) Martial law was imposed and General Dyer took command.

When the Rawlatt act 1919, was passed hurriedly through the Imperial Legislative Council inspire of unanimous opposition of the Indian members, Gandhiji’s patience comes to an end. Gandhi wanted non-violent civil disobedience against such unjust laws, which would start with a hartal on 6th April. 6th April 1919 was observed as Satyagraha Day when people all over the country observed fast and hartal. 1919, the country witnessed a remarkable political awakening in India. Local leaders were picked up from Amritsar and Mahatma Gandhi was barred from entering Delhi. On 10th April, the police in Amritsar fired upon a peaceful procession, provoking widespread attacks on banks.The reactions of people against the Rowlatt Act passed through the Imperial Legislative Council 1919 were as follows: 1. Rallies were organised in various cities. ... Mahatma Gandhi wanted non-violent civil disobedience against such unjust laws, for which a day of hartal was fixed on 6th April, 1919: Gandhi started the non-violent civil disobedience movement for opposing the Rowlatt Act with a nation-wide hartal. Shops were closed down, rallies were organised and rail workshop workers went on strike. Widespread attacks on banks, post offices and railway stations took place.

(i) Gandhiji called for a country wide Hartal on 6th April, 1919. But he was arrested.
(ii) There were disturbances in Delhi, Ahmedabad and Punjab. In Amritsar, two popular leaders, Dr. Satyapal and Dr. Saif- ud-din Kitchlew, were arrested. The people took out a procession in Amritsar to protest against these arrests, and demanded the release of their leaders.
(iii) A public meeting was announced for the 13th April, 1919, at the Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar against the arrest of the leaders.
(iv) General Dyer marched there and killed more than 1,000 people.
(v) As the news of the Jallianwalla Bagh spread, crowds took to the streets in many North Indian towns. There were strikes, clashes with the police and attacks on government buildings.

(i) An Integrated steel plant is larger than Mini Steel Plant.
(ii) Mini steel plant use steel scrap and sponge iron while Integrated steel plant use basic raw materials ie iron ore for making steel.
(iii) Mini steel plant produces mild and alloy steel while integrated steel plant produces only steel.

Falling under Ottoman dominion in the mid-15th century, the modern nation state of Greece emerged in 1830 following a war of independence. ... Greece is a democratic and developed country with an advanced high-income economy, a high quality of life, and a very high standard of living.

Trade Guilds were the association of producers

 D)None of these

(i) Trade guilds were associations of producers that trained craft people, maintained control over production, regulated competition and prices
(ii)They enjoyed monopoly rights to produce and trade in specific products
(iii) They also had the right to restrict the entry of new producers into the trade.

1.In this sector resources are owned by in the hand of individual. 2 any type of facility are not given such as pension after ritirement .3 payment can oly give on the term of working hour.

• The demerit or penalty seems to be that the company will travel because of its taxes to some other nation or community.
• The corporation, therefore, will struggle to put several jobs at risk.
• The actions of the company must be owned or controlled by the state and it's an expense to either the organization.

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The female figures as an allegory of the nation:

• Artists found a way out to represent a country in the form of a person.
• Then nations were portrayed as female figures.
• The female figure was chosen to personify the nation did not stand for any particular woman in real life.
• It gave the abstract idea of the nation a concrete form.
• Thus, the female figure became an allegory of the nation.
• During the French Revolution artists used the formal allegory to portray idea such as Liberty, Justice and the Republic.

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Some of the major crops grown on the black soils are cotton, wheat, jowar, linseed, Virginia tobacco, castor, sunflower and millets. Rice and sugarcane are equally important where irrigation facilities are available. Large varieties of vegetables and fruits are also successfully grown on the black soils. Rice acts as one of the most important staple food in the world and India is one of its largest producers. However, its production requires a great quantity of water. The rise in population has led to an increase in the demand for food crops; in turn escalating the amount of water required for irrigating them.

1. 

The goals of development change from person to person. Different people have different goals. What may be development for others may be even be destruction for others. For instance, a landless rural labourers may desire more days of work and better wages, whereas a prosperous farmer may desire assured high family income through higher support price for their crops and through hard worsting and cheap labourers, children to be settled abroad. In fact, at times, two persons or groups may seek things which are conflicting.

Eg: The construction of hight dams is development for government. But for tribul people and the environment it is destruction

Majoritarianism in Sri Lanka	Accommodation in Belgium
a. An island country comprising of Sinhala community who are in majority and Tamils who are minority.	A linguistically diverse country comprising of Dutch speaking, French speaking and the German speaking people.
b. The Sinhala community established its supremacy by pursuing the policy of Majoritarianism and by adopting various measures like  The Sri Lankan constitution which did not give recognition to the minority group and instead recognised Sinhala as the official language.	b. The political leadership recognised such differences and has modified the Constitution to accommodate diverse communities.
c. The Tamils there, have been deprived of their basic civil political rights and have been the victims of discrimination.	b. There is adequate representation of all the communities. For example there is equal representation at the central government of both French and Dutch representatives.
d. State policies also sought to give preference to the Sinhala community in terms of jobs and educational institutions.Tamils dominated regions have been deprived of autonomy.	Adequate sharing of power between the Centre and the states, with separate government at Brussels.
e. Policy of majoritarianism  has deteriorated relations between the two communities leading to ethnic conflict. There is a lack of power sharing between the two communities leading to civil war. Sri Lanka has witnessed rise of groups like LTTE.	There is a presence of community government. Power sharing arrangements in Belgium has lead to peace and stability in the region and prevented the outbreak of ethnic con

The difference between unitary and federal government is 1. Unitary government puts it power in one central government . 2. In federal government the governing power is divided into federal and local governing bodies that connect to national government . Examples : for federal government is the United States??, the federal Republic of Germany??, Australia??.

1. Under the unitary system, there is only one level of government or there are sub-units which are subordinate to the central government. Whereas, in a federal system, there is decentralization of power i.e. central level, state level, grass root level.

2. In a unitary system, the power is centralized in the hands of the central government and every order passed by it has to be enacted. However, in a federal system, a state government or grass root level has its own powers. Additionally, the central government cannot act in an autocratic manner.

3. In a federal system, criteria of dual citizenship may exist. For example - U.S.A. In India, no such criterion exists. In contrast, the unitary system does not practice any system of dual citizenship.

The statement " When France sneezes ?" is said by austrian chancellor Duke Metternich . Metternich said these words because liberals of Europe would get inspired by the revolutions of liberals in France overthrow. Monarchy, conservativism and aristocracy and form their elected government. Metternich remarked that " the rest of Europe catches cold " Because by this remark he referenced two events. 1. One of the event was the rebellion started by people of France. Which will soon landed entire Europe in a mess. 2. Another was the the France had direct impact with Europeans

 

If France Sneezes rest of the europe catches cold" This Statement was said by austrian chancellor Duke Metternich He said this statement because LIberals in europe get inspired by the revolutions of liberals in France to overthrow Monarchy,Conservatism,&Aristocracy And Form their Elected constitution.

Cement is manufactured through a closely controlled chemical combination of calcium, silicon, aluminum, iron and other ingredients. Common materials used to manufacture cement include limestone, shells, and chalk or marl combined with shale, clay, slate, blast furnace slag, silica sand, and iron ore. The most important raw materials for making cement are limestone, clay and marl. These are extracted from quarries by blasting or by ripping using heavy machinery.

Two sharp contrasts between Belgium and Sri Lanka are
1)Sri Lankan government supported majority of sinhalese people and they made laws and job opportunities supporting Sri Lankan people they made tamils who were in less population feel inferior.
1)but Belgium government changed their constitution so many times and they gave equal representation to Dutch and French people.
2)tamils were protesting against Sri Lanka people and they liberated there party to fight with them which is LTTE and Sri Lanka government suppressed them and this led to serious war between both parties and tamils were killed and thrown out. this created heavy economic loss to Sri Lanka and their government took so much time to fill that damage
2) but in Belgium there was no chance for anything like this because their government took very careful steps that no one should feel inferior and all were equal central and state government representatives . everything was peaceful in Belgium.

The democratic system in Belgium is an ideal example of power sharing.It had accommodated the interests of its two main ethnic groups, that is, the Dutch and the French.The two groups have equal share in the working of government. To maintain political stability and unity, equal representation had to be provided to the two social groups. Both French and Dutch speaking ministers are in the central government. Many powers of the central government has also been distributed among the state governments of both French and Dutch speaking regions. Apart from this, a community government also exists which is elected by people belonging to one language community.Such an arrangement has prevented civil strife.But Sri Lankan democracy has followed majoritarian policies which gave preferences to the interests of the majority Sinhala community neglecting the Tamil minority.The interests of the Tamils were undermined which in the long run gave rise to civil war and political instability.

 

 

Different types of soil erosion are: 1. Gully erosion- when water cuts through clayey soil making deep channels, it is known as gully erosion 2. Water erosion- sometimes water flows as a sheet over large areas down a slope such that top soil is washed away. This is called wind erosion. 3. Wind erosion- wind blows loose soil off flat or sloping land . This is called wind erosion. 4. Defective methods of farming - soil erosion is also caused by defective methods of farming. Ploughing in a wrong that is up and down the slope form channels for quick flow of water leading to soil erosion.

Transparency means that every individual belonging to a particular democratic country has the right(RTI) to examine or instigate that whether the laws, plans, action, policies or decisions taken by the government are correct or not and whether they are beneficial to them or not. 

Salt March started on 12 March 1930 from Gandhi ji ashram in sabarmati near Ahamadbad with many followers . This March was led by Mahatma Gandhi to abolish salt law of ??? government

12 march 1930

12th march 1930

Circumference of circle

In January 1915

1915

15 January1915

January 1915

<a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=in.techchefs.MyCBSEGuide" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">myCBSEguide</a> is one of the most popular mobile apps dedicated to CBSE students. The app has a huge collection of study material, study notes, and NCERT books among others.

It also provides CBSE syllabus, solutions, chapter-wise important questions for almost all subjects, quick revision notes, CBSE sample papers, guess papers, etc.

Students can also watch videos and take online practice tests on the app.

Let’s understand how myCBSEguide is different from other mobile apps.

<th scope="col">App Name</th> <th scope="col">myCBSEguide</th> <th scope="col">Byjus</th> <th scope="col">Toppr</th> <th scope="col">Meritnation</th>

Tag line	The complete guide for CBSE students	The Learning App	Learning app for classes 5th to 12th	CBSE ICSE & More
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Focus Area	Complete CBSE curriculum	Learning Videos and practice	Videos, practice and doubts	Videos and live tuitions
Latest Sample Papers (Solved)	Yes	No	No	Yes
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Federalism in India is practised by the creation of linguistic states ,language policy and centre state relations. 

(i) Linguistic States : After independence, in 1950, the boundaries of several old states were changed in order to create new states. This was done to ensure that the people who spoke the same language, share common culture, ethnicity or geography could live in the same state.
(ii) Language Policy : The Indian Constitution did not give the status of national language to any one of the languages. Though Hindi was identified as the optional language, but the central government has not imposed Hindi on states where people speak a different language. Besides Hindi, there are 22 other languages recognised as Scheduled Languages by the Indian Constitution.
(iii) Centre-State relations : Improving the Centre-State relations is one more way in which federalism has been strengthened in practice. Though Indian Constitution has demarcated the powers of the Union and the state governments but still the Union government can have influence over the state in many ways.
In the past, the Central government has often misused the Constitution to dismiss the state governments that were controlled by rival parties. This undermined the spirit of federalism, and that of democracy.
The judiciary has played a major role in improving the autonomy of the state governments because many a time, it has rescued state governments which were dismissed in an arbitrary manner.<button aria-label="like this post" title="like this post">
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I want examples

India a federal country because of the following reasons:

• There are levels of governments—Central Government, State Government and Local Government.
• Each level of government administers over the same region, but they have their own jurisdiction in matters of administration, taxation and legislation.
• The Government at each level derives its power from the Constitution of the country. Thus, the Central Government cannot easily dilute the powers of the State or Local Governments.
• The basic principles of the Constitution and the rights given to the people cannot be changed by only one tier of the Government. It requires the consent of governments at both levels.
• Both levels of the Government can collect taxes from the people according to the guidelines of the Constitution of the country.
• The Indian Constitution contains three lists which contain subjects in which the Union and the State Governments may form laws. Only central government can make laws in the Union List and state government in the state list. Subjects related to the interests of both Central and State Governments are included in the concurrent list.

(i) The Bourbon dynasty was restored to power.
(ii) France lost the territories it had annexed under Napoleon.
(iii) A series of states were set up on the boundaries of France to prevent French expansion in future.
(iv) Belgium was set up in the north and Genoa was added to Piedmont in the south.
(v) Prussia was given important new territories on its western frontiers, while Austria was given control of northern Italy.
(vi) In the east, Russia was given part of Poland while Prussia was given a portion of Saxony.
(vii) Thus, monarchies that had been overthrown by Napoleon were restored and a new conservative order was created in Europe.

 

Belgium accommodated its diverse population by working out an arrangement which suited to the needs of various communities. It was done in the following ways:

1. Though the Dutch were in majority in the country, the French and Dutch speaking population was given equal representation in the Central government.
2. Belgium was declared as a Federal state, and thus State governments were given important powers. The State governments did not act a subordinate to the Central government.
3. The capital city of Brussels had a separate government. Though the French speaking population was in majority in the city, they accepted equal representation in Brussels. This was because the Dutch speaking people had accepted equal representation in the Central government in spite of being in majority.
4. Community government also existed in Belgium which was elected by major linguistic groups namely, Dutch, French and German speaking people. This government looked after educational, language and educational issues.