“Resource planning is a technique or skill of proper or judicious use of resources. ”
Resource planning is a complex process which involves :
(i) Identification and inventory of resources across the regions of the country. This involves surveying, mapping, qualitative and quantitative estimation and measurement of the resources.
(ii) Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate technology, skill and institutional set up for implementing resource development plans.
(iii) Matching the resource development plans with overall national development plans.

Yah

Uses of land are as follows
1) Help trees to live
2) Transportation
3) Buildings and other houses are dependent on land
4) Roots, roots are all dependent on land
5) Agriculture

Three uses of land is... Agriculture Shelter Forest

Power sharing is desirable for various concrete reasons. 
Two sets of reasons have been listed out which favours power sharing in two different manners like: Prudential reason and Moral reason.
Prudential Reason
• According to prudential reason power sharing accommodates social diversity hence, helps in reducing the possibility of conflict between social groups.
• Power sharing in another way ensures the political stability through competition among various political parties.
• Besides, power sharing is also desirable to the promotion of national unity and integrity.
Moral Reason
• Moral Reason is a very deeper reason of power sharing.
• According to moral reason power sharing is desirable to produce an accountable, responsible and legitimate government.
• It implies maximum popular participation through decentralisation of powers so that people would be consulted on how th£y are to be governed.
In this way, both the sets of reasons signify the importance of power sharing in the forms of Community Government, Reserved Constituencies and Decentralisation of powers.

Deshvashi

GDP is the total value of all goods and services produced within a country during specific time period.

Human Development Index HDI

The Human Development Index HDI is defined as the composite statistics used to rank countries by levels of human development. The HDI is a measure of health, education and income. It measures the average achievements in a country in these three basic dimensions of human development, calculated into an index.

Firstly, power sharing is good because it helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups. Since social conflict often leads to violence and political instability, power sharing is a good way to ensure the stability of political order.

 Power sharing is the very spirit of democracy. A democratic rule involves sharing power with those affected by its exercise, and who have to live with its effects. People have a right to be consulted on how they are to be governed.

Organised sector Unorganised sector Comprises enterprises where the term of employment is regular and the job is assured. Comprises small units where jobs are not regular and hence the job is not assured. Companies are registered by the government and have to follow rules and regulations. Companies are outside the control of the government. They have rules and regulations, but these are not followed. Employees in the organised sector have fixed working hours and they are paid if they work overtime. Workers in the unorganised sector are paid low wages which are not regular. There is no provision of payment if they work overtime. Employees in the organised sector get social security benefits such pension, provident fund, paid leave, sick leave etc. Workers in the unorganised sector do not get benefits such as pension and provident fund. There are no paid leaves and no leaves due to sickness. Workers in the organised sector are paid a   fixed salary. Workers in the unorganised sector are not paid a fixed salary.

Organised sector	Unorganised sector
Comprises enterprises where the term of employment is regular and the job is assured.	Comprises small units where jobs are not regular and hence the job is not assured.
Companies are registered by the government and have to follow rules and regulations.	Companies are outside the control of the government. They have rules and regulations, but these are not followed.
Employees in the organised sector have fixed working hours and they are paid if they work overtime.	Workers in the unorganised sector are paid low wages which are not regular. There is no provision of payment if they work overtime.
Employees in the organised sector get social security benefits such pension, provident fund, paid leave, sick leave etc.	Workers in the unorganised sector do not get benefits such as pension and provident fund. There are no paid leaves and no leaves due to sickness.
Workers in the organised sector are paid a   fixed salary.	Workers in the unorganised sector are not paid a fixed salary.

Average income is the total income of the country by the total population.

The demerit is basic factors like infant mortality rate, literacy rate, death rate, better health facilities, etc are given less consideration.

1. It hide the disparities among the people living in a particular country. 2. It almost negligible the difference of income among people in country.

Viceroy Lord Irwin 'announced in October 1929, avague offer future and a round table conference to discuss a future constitution

The Simon Commission had to face demonstration all over India and no party was in favour of the commission. So, in an effort to win the political parties Viceroy Lord Irwin announced in October 1929 a vague offer of 'dominion status' for India in an unspecified future and a Round Table Conference to discuss a future constitution.

Large landowners were known as junkers.

Large land owners were known as junkers

Badiya answer ??????

Fjh

Despotism is a rule by an absolute ruler and the cruel and arbitrary use of authority.
Despotism is a kind of control in which a single person rules with absolute power. Absolute monarchs tried to hold higher power over their nations without being checked by any laws and the church.

A system of money in general use in a particular country is called currency..Indian currency is rupee 
1- currency is easy to carry and use
2-it is excepted all over the country by the medium of exchange
3-no double co-incidence of wants

Currency means it is a medium of exchange

The Poona Pact refers to an agreement between B. R. Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi on behalf of depressed classes and caste Hindu leaders on the reservation of electoral seats for the depressed classes in the legislature of British India government.

1) The Poona Pact (of September 1932) gave Depressed Classes (later to be known as Scheduled caste) reserved seats in provincial and central legislative councils. 
2) They were to be voted in by the general electorate. 
3) The act came into force due to Gandhiji s fast unto death. 
4) Ambedkar ultimately accepted Gandhiji s stand. 

The Poona Pact refers to an agreement between B. R. Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi on behalf of depressed classes and caste Hindu leaders on the reservation of electoral seats for the depressed classes in the legislature of British India government. Contrary to popular belief, Mahatma Gandhi was not involved in signing the pact. It was made on 24 September 1932 at Yerwada Central Jail in Pune, India. It was signed by B.R Ambedkar on behalf of the depressed classes and Madan Mohan Malviya on behalf of the Caste Hindus as a means to end the fast that Gandhi was undertaking in jail as a protest against the decision by British prime minister Ramsay MacDonald to give separate electorates to depressed classes for the election of members of provincial legislative assemblies in British India. They finally agreed upon 148 electoral seats.

(i) Power-sharing in different forms of government: Power is shared among different organs of government, such as the legislature, executive and judiciary. It is also termed as horizontal distribution of power because it allows different organs of government placed at the same level to exercise different powers. For example,  The distribution of power between Indian Parliament (legislature), the council of ministers headed by chief ministers (executive) and Courts of India.

(ii)  Power-sharing among various levels of governments: The power is shared among governments at different levels– a general government for the entire country and governments at the provincial or regional level. This is also called the federal division of power. Under this the Constitution clearly lays down the power of each level of government. For example, In India, power is shared among three levels of government which are Central government, State government and the local governments.

(iii) Power-sharing among different social groups: Power may also be shared among different social groups such as the religious and linguistic groups. For example, in India, reservations are made for the socially weaker sections of society in legislatures and bureaucracy.

(iv) Power-sharing among political parties, pressure groups and movements: Political Parties, Pressure Groups and Movements control or influence those who are in power. Different political parties contest elections for power which ensures that power does not remain in one hand. In the long run, power is shared among different political parties that represent different ideologies and social groups.

Belgium a nation in Europe with complex ethnicity has two community in majority one is a Dutch-speaking community with over 59% population, and they lives in Flemish region, and another 40 % population speaks French and lives in Wallonia region, and the rest 1 % speaks German. The capital of Belgium is Brussels, the community in the majority here is French with 80% population while rest is Dutch.

The two main causes of resentment were:

(a) The French community that was in minority were rich and powerful compared to the Dutch who were in majority because the Dutch got the benefits of education much later than the French.

(b) Although the Dutch were in the majority in the country, they were in the minority in capital, i.e. Brussels.

The conflict was solved as follows:

• According to its Constitution, the Dutch and the French-speaking minister should be an equal number in the central government. Hence no single community can make the decision unilaterally.
• Some of the powers of the central government are transferred to the State government. Hence the state government is not the subordinate of the central government.
• Brussels, the capital of Belgium, has its government where both the Dutch and French community have equal representation

Belgium a nation in Europe with complex ethnicity has two community in majority one is a Dutch-speaking community with over 59% population, and they lives in Flemish region, and another 40 % population speaks French and lives in Wallonia region, and the rest 1 % speaks German. The capital of Belgium is Brussels, the community in the majority here is French with 80% population while rest is Dutch.

The two main causes of resentment were:

(a) The French community that was in minority were rich and powerful compared to the Dutch who were in majority because the Dutch got the benefits of education much later than the French.

(b) Although the Dutch were in the majority in the country, they were in the minority in capital, i.e. Brussels.

The conflict was solved as follows:

• According to its Constitution, the Dutch and the French-speaking minister should be an equal number in the central government. Hence no single community can make the decision unilaterally.
• Some of the powers of the central government are transferred to the State government. Hence the state government is not the subordinate of the central government.
• Brussels, the capital of Belgium, has its government where both the Dutch and French community have equal representation.

• The minority French-speaking community was relatively rich and powerful.
• This was resented by the Dutch-speaking community who got the benefit of economic development and education much later.
• This led to tension between the Dutch speaking and French-speaking communities during the 1950s-60s.
• The conflict was solved through an agreement that dutch should also have the same no. Of people and powers in the center.

Belgium, a small European country, has Dutch-, French- and German-speaking populations. While 59% of the total population of the country live in the Flemish region and speak Dutch, the other 40% of the people live in the Wallonia region and speak French. In Brussels, the capital of Belgium, about 80% of the people speak French, while the remaining 20% speak Dutch.

Sri Lankan Tamils felt alienated because: 

(i) Government adopted majoritarian measure to establish Sinhala Supremacy. In 1956, an Act was passed to recognise Sinhala as the only official language thus disregarding Tamil. 

(ii) The governments followed preferential politics that favoured Sinhala applicants for university positions and government jobs.

(iii) A new Constitution stipulated that the state shall protect and foster Buddhism. 

(iv) Sri Lankan Tamils felt that none of the major political parties led by the Buddhist Sinhala leaders were sensitive to their language and culture. 

(v) As a result, the relations between the Sinhala and Tamil communities strained overtime and it soon turned into a Civil War.

(i) Government adopted majoritarian measure to establish Sinhala Supremacy. In 1956, an Act was passed to recognise Sinhala as the only official language thus disregarding Tamil. 

(ii) The governments followed preferential politics that favoured Sinhala applicants for university positions and government jobs.

(iii) A new Constitution stipulated that the state shall protect and foster Buddhism. 

(iv) Sri Lankan Tamils felt that none of the major political parties led by the Buddhist Sinhala leaders were sensitive to their language and culture. 

(v) As a result, the relations between the Sinhala and Tamil communities strained overtime and it soon turned into a Civil War.

The ethnics composition of Belgium, a small country is very complex. Of the country’s total population, 59 per cent live in the Flemish region and speak Dutch language. Another 40 per cent people live in the Wallonia region and speak French. Remaining 1 per cent of the Belgians speak German. In the capital city, Brussels, about 80 per cent people speak French while 20 per cent are Dutch-speaking

Belgium, a small European country, has Dutch-, French- and German-speaking populations. While 59% of the total population of the country live in the Flemish region and speak Dutch, the other 40% of the people live in the Wallonia region and speak French. In Brussels, the capital of Belgium, about 80% of the people speak French, while the remaining 20% speak Dutch.

Describe the ethnic composition of Belgium

The Path of accommodation adopted in Belgium by following ways:-

        1) Dutch and French speaking ministers shall be equal in the central govt.

        2) Many Powers of the central government have been given to state govt. The state govt are not subordinate to the central govt.

        3) Brussels has a separate govt in which both the communities have equal representation. 

        4) There is a third kind of govt called community govt elected by the people belonging to Dutch, French and German no matter where they live

(1) Federalism is the system of government in which sovereignty is constitutionally divided between a central governing authority and constituent political units.

(2) The Federal Government is composed of three distinct branches: legislative, executive, and judicial.

(3) These three braches are vested by the U.S. Constitution in the Congress, the President, and the Federal courts, respectively.

(4) Each branch has its own powers and responsibilities.

(5) In India, a Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic with a Parliamentary House, organize the federal structure.

(6) Hence, federal government is organised when their is a sharing of power between national and state governments.

Black soil are mineral soil which have a black surface horizon, enriched with organic carbon that is at least 25 cm deep

Black soil may indicate to Chernozem, productive  soils which are black in color found in eastern parts of Europe, India,  Russia, and the Canadian prairies.  Black soil composed essentially of humus from drained swampland.

Black soil is also described as Black Cotton soil as its appearance is black and it is suitable for cotton farming. Black soil is abundant in potassium, calcium, and magnesium but has lower nitrogen content. Produce like oilseeds, jowar, cotton, tobacco, ragi, and maize, chilly, grow abundantly in it.

Because-:(1)the act was passed hurriedly through the imperial legislative council despite United opposition of the Indian members (2) it allowed detention of political prisoners for a period of upto two years (3) Gandhi wanted the satyagrah because at that time the issue has become a emotive issue and had the power to unite the Indians against a common enemy

Mahatma Gandhi decided to launch a nation wide satyagraha against the proposed Rowlatt Act because;

1. The Rowlatt Act had been hurriedly passed through the Imperial Legislative Council despite the united opposition of the Indian members.
2. It gave the government enormous power to repress political activities.
3. It allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two years.
4. Mahatma Gandhi wanted non-violent civil disobedience against such unjust laws.

Yo

The disadvantages of MNCs are : 

(i) Small manufacturers like—batteries, capacitors, plastic toys, tyres, dairy products and vegetable oil were victims of competition. 

(ii) Closing down of small units rendered many workers jobless. 

(iii) Most employers prefer to employ workers ‘flexibly’, this means that workers jobs are no longer secure. Small Indian companies were hard hit because of Government’s changed policies such as allowing import of the goods which were previously not allowed.

Yes, The Modern Currency is without any use of its own.
1) The modern forms of money include currency - paper notes and coins.
2) Unlike the things that were used as money earlier, modern currency is not made of precious metal such as gold, silver and copper and unlike grain and cattle, they are neither of everyday use.
3) Money is yet accepted as a medium of exchange because it is authorized by the government of the country.
 

Various factors such as common race, language, religion, aims and aspirations, culture and Shared past gave rise to nationalism.

The following factors were responsible for the rise of nationalism in Europe :

(i) Decline of Feudalism. There was a steady decline of federal lords and many of them died in mutual warfare. The crusades also improverished the barons. Federal lords were the major obstacle in the emergence of nationalism, and without their destruction the cause of nationalism might have greatly suffered.

(ii) Weakening Authority of the Pope. The Church enjoyed supreme and exalted position and commanded a great power in the middle Ages, but the Reformation movement as well as the Renvai-ssance led to awakening among the people and weakened the authority of the Pope. As a result, national churches and national states were established in many countries.

(iii) Wars. Wars roused nationalism among the people of both France and England. The Hundred Years’ War between in the two countries gave rise to national feeling both in France and England.

(iv) Foreign Rule. The foreign rulers suppressed the people and treated them cruelly and mercilessly. This led and united the people against the foreign rule and infused the spirit of nationalism in them.

(v) Vienna Settlement. The Vienna Settlement after the Napoleonic Wars tried to suppress the force of revolution and nationalism in Europe. But this further fuelled the people of the subjected countries and they started national movements for their independence.