Logos of Standardization are the logos/marks/symbol which certifies the standard of product . Government of India has created some standards for almost every product to protect the economic interests of all citizens. The Standardization Mark also referred to as S-Mark or SM is a mandatory mark of quality on all locally manufactured goods complying with the relevant standards. An example of standardization would be the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) to which all companies listed on U.S. stock exchanges must adhere. ... Standardization ensures that certain goods or performances are produced in the same way via set guidelines.

The Rights of the Consumer

• Right to Safety- Before buying, a consumer can insist on the quality and guarantee of the goods. They should ideally purchase a certified product like ISI or AGMARK.
• Right to Choose- Consumer should have the right to choose from a variety of goods and in a competitive price.
• Right to be informed- The buyers should be informed with all the necessary details of the product, make her/him act wise, and change the buying decision.
• Right to Consumer Education- Consumer should be aware of his/her rights and avoid exploitation. Ignorance can cost them more.
• Right to be heard- This means the consumer will get due attention to express their grievances at a suitable forum.
• Right to seek compensation- The defines that the consumer has the right to seek redress against unfair and inhumane practices or exploitation of the consumer.

Formal sector loans can be made beneficial for poor farmers and workers in the following ways: 

(i) Create awareness to farmers about formal sector loans.

(ii) Process of providing loans should be made easier. 

(iii) It should be simple, fast and timely. 

(iv) More number of Nationalized Banks/Cooperative banks should be opened in rural sector. 

(v) Banks and cooperatives should increase facility of providing loans so that dependence on informal sources of credit reduces. 

(vi) The benefits of loans should be extended to poor farmers and small scale industries. 

(vii) While formal sector loans need to expand, it is also necessary that everyone receives these loans.

Money cannot buy all the goods and services that a person may need to live well. Income by itself is not a completely adequate indicator of material goods and services that citizens are able to use. For example, normally, money cannot buy a pollution-free environment or ensure that a person gets unadulterated medicines, unless a person can afford to shift to a community that already has all these things. Money may also not be able to protect individual from infections, disease, unless the whole of our community takes preventive steps.

Khalifa or Khalifah is a name or title which means "successor", "deputy" or "steward". It most commonly refers to the leader of a Caliphate, but is also used as a title among various Islamic religious groups and orders. Khalifa is sometimes also pronounced as "kalifa".

a n s w e r 

✔️Alluri Sitaram Raju is well known because of his involvement in the national struggle for the Independence of India.

✔️He was a brave son of Motherland India who sacrificed his life in order to make his country back free from the clutches of British.

✔️Alluri Sitaram Raju is well known because of his involvement in the national struggle for the Independence of India.

✔️He was a brave son of Motherland India who sacrificed his life in order to make his country back free from the clutches of British.

Barriers or restrictions that are imposed by government on free import and export activities are called trade barrier. Tax on imports is a vital trade barrier. Government can use the trade barriers in the following ways :

(a) Increase or decrease of foreign trade of the country.
(b) With the help of trade barriers government can decide what kinds of goods and how much of each, should be traded in the country.

In 1930, Sir Muhammad Iqbal, as president or the Muslim League, reiterated the importance of separate electorates for the Muslims as an important safeguard for their minority political interests. His statement is supposed to have provided the intellectual justification for the Pakistan demand that came up in subsequent years.

Where, TAG is the HTML element, name is the name of an attribute, set to the provided value.

Size: It specifies the size of the text inside a <FONT> tag.

Syntax

Consumer Courts: This is a three-tier quasi-judicial system. The district level court deals with cases involving claims upto Rs. 20 lakh. The state level court deals with cases between Rs. 20 lakh and Rs. 1 crore. The national level court dealt with cases which involve claims exceeding Rs. 1 crore.

If a case is dismissed in district level court, the consumer can also appeal in state and then in National level courts.

Consumer Court  is a special purpose court in India that deals with cases regarding consumer disputes, conflicts and grievances. There are judiciary hearings set up by the government to protect the consumer rights. Its main function is to maintain the fair practices and contracts by sellers. Consumers can file a case against a seller if they are cheated or exploited by sellers. The court will only give a verdict in favour of the consumers/customers if they have proof of exploitation, i.e., bills or purchase memos. If a consumer does not have the proper documents required for filing a case then it would be very difficult for the consumer to win or even file a case
 

24^th December is celebrated as the National Consumers’ Day. It was on this day that the Indian Parliament enacted the Consumer Protection Act in 1986. India is one of the few countries that have exclusive courts for consumer redressal. The consumer movement in India has made significant progress in recent times. At present, there are more than 700 consumer groups. 

24^th December is celebrated as the National Consumers’ Day. It was on this day that the Indian Parliament enacted the Consumer Protection Act in 1986.

Battle of Leipzig, also called Battle of the Nations, decisive defeat for Napoleon, resulting in the destruction of what was left of French power in Germany and Poland. The battle was fought at Leipzig, in Saxony, between approximately 185,000 French and other troops under Napoleon, and approximately 320,000 allied troops, including Austrian, Prussian, Russian, and Swedish forces, commanded respectively by Prince Karl Philipp Schwarzenberg, General Gebhard Leberecht Blücher, General Leonty Leontyevich Bennigsen, and the Swedish crown prince Jean Bernadotte.

The Frankfurt Parliament: It was an all-German National Assembly formed by the middle-class professionals, businessmen and prosperous artisans belonging to the different German regions. It was convened on 18 May, 1848 in the Church of St. Paul, in the city of Frankfurt. This assembly drafted a constitution for a German nation to be headed by a monarchy subject to a parliament. However, it faced opposition from the aristocracy and military. Also, as it was dominated by the middle classes, it lost its mass support base. In the end, it was forced to disband on 31 May, 1849.

ANSWER

The Frankfurt Parliament: It was an all-German National Assembly formed by the middle-class professionals, businessmen and prosperous artisans belonging to the different German regions. It was convened on 18 May, 1848 in the Church of St. Paul, in the city of Frankfurt. This assembly drafted a constitution for a German nation to be headed by a monarchy subject to a parliament. However, it faced opposition from the aristocracy and military. Also, as it was dominated by the middle classes, it lost its mass support base. In the end, it was forced to disband on 31 May, 1849.

In 1815, the representatives of the European powers - Britain, Russia,Prussia and Austria wanted to establish long-lasting peace and stability after they defeated Napolean.

Thus, they drew up the Treaty of Vienna of 1815 with the intenstion of undoing most of the changes brought about during the Napoleonic wars and creating a new conservative order in Europe.

• The Bourbon dynasty was brought back to power and France lost the territories it had annexed under Napoleon.  
• To prevent the French evasion, a series of states werre set up on the boundaries of France.
• This lead to the setting up of kingdom of the Netherlands (inclusive of Belgium) in the north and the kingdom of Genoa (added to Piedmont) in the south.
• Prussia was given important new territories on its western frontiers, while Austria was given control of northern Italy.
• However, Napolean's German confederation of 39 states was left untouched.
• In the east, Russia was given part of Poland while Prussia was given a portion of Saxony. 

(i) The Bourbon dynasty was restored to power.
(ii) France lost the territories it had annexed under Napoleon.
(iii) A series of states were set up on the boundaries of France to prevent French expansion in future.
(iv) Belgium was set up in the north and Genoa was added to Piedmont in the south.
(v) Prussia was given important new territories on its western frontiers, while Austria was given control of northern Italy.
(vi) In the east, Russia was given part of Poland while Prussia was given a portion of Saxony.
(vii) Thus, monarchies that had been overthrown by Napoleon were restored and a new conservative order was created in Europe.

The contribution of democracy towards economic growth and development is a debatable topic. However, sometimes democracy has proven helpful.

1. Democracy consists of various stable and predictable institutions and tends to implement those policies which are beneficial to private enterprise. Thus, it results in higher rates of economic growth over a long period of time.
2. As democracy is accountable to the public rather than to privileged, they produce more public goods, invest more in human capital, maintain the rule of law and protect private property rights. 
3. Democracy engages more in large-scale redistribution than autocracies. However, the various negative effects of redistribution are offset by the fact that democracies have lower barriers to entry, promoting competition and innovation. 

Covalent bonds are of 3 types:
1)Single covalent bond:It is formed by sharing of one pair of electron between two atoms.
For Ex:Formation of chlorine ,Hydrogen,Hydrogen chloride,Methane molecule etc.

2)Double covalent bond:It is formed by sharing of two pair of electron between two atoms.
For Ex:Oxygen,Carbondioxide,Ethene molecule etc.

3)Triple Covalent bond:It is formed by sharing of three pair of electron between two atoms.
For Ex:Nitrogen,Ethyne molecule etc.

Victor Emmanuel II (1820-1878) was king of Sardinia from 1849 to 1861 and then the first king of Italy until 1878. He worked to free Italy from foreign control and became a central figure of the movement for Italian unification.

The son of Charles Albert, Prince of Savoy-Carignano, Victor Emmanuel was born at Turin on March 14, 1820. His education was not thorough or varied, its content being restricted largely to military and religious training. In his youth he took little interest in affairs of state, preferring to spend his time in the study of military strategy and tactics. In 1842 he married Adelaide, the daughter of Archduke Rainer of Austria.

Liber

Liberalism : Derived from Latin word Liber means free. It meant differently to different people. In political sphere, Liberalism means rule governed by elected parliament. Economically, liberalism means freedom of markets and removal of barriers that obstructe the free flow of trade.For woman, Liberalism indicated universal suffrage.They demanded that the voting rights should be extended to them.

Liberalism: Derived from Latin word ‘liber’ means ‘free’. It meant differently to different people. 

Who was proclaimed German Emperor in a ceremony held at Versailles in January 1871?

ANSWER
Kaiser William I was proclaimed German Emperor in a ceremony held at Versailles in January 1871.

Answer: D.

Current fallow lands are the best examples of cultivable wastelands. Current fallow lands are the type of plants which are suitable for cultivation for agriculture but they have left aside without any usage or they are not used for cultivation for 5 years of span.

Economic growth is the increase in the inflation-adjusted market value of the goods and services produced by an economy over time. It is conventionally measured as the percent rate of increase in real gross domestic product, or real GDP.

Growth is usually calculated in real terms - i.e., inflation-adjusted terms – to eliminate the distorting effect of inflation on the price of goods produced. Measurement of economic growth uses national income accounting. Since economic growth is measured as the annual percent change of gross domestic product (GDP), it has all the advantages and drawbacks of that measure. The economic growth rates of nations are commonly compared using the ratio of the GDP to population or per-capita income.

The "rate of economic growth" refers to the geometric annual rate of growth in GDP between the first and the last year over a period of time. This growth rate is the trend in the average level of GDP over the period, which ignores the fluctuations in the GDP around this trend.

An increase in economic growth caused by more efficient use of inputs (increased productivity of labor, physical capital, energy or materials) is referred to as intensive growth. GDP growth caused only by increases in the amount of inputs available for use (increased population, new territory) is called extensive growth.

 The impact of globalisation on Indian agriculture has been felt since colonial times. Raw cotton and spices were important export items from India. In 1917, Indian farmers revolted in Champaran against being forced to grow indigo in place of foodgrains, in order to supply dye to Britain’s flourishing textile industry. Thus, globalisation has had its boons and banes for Indian agriculture.

Post liberalisation, Indian farmers face new challenges in the form of competition from highly subsidised agriculture of developed nations. This prompts the need for making Indian agriculture successful and profitable by improving the conditions of small and marginal farmers, countering the negative effects of Green Revolution, developing and promoting organic farming, and diversifying cropping pattern from cereals to high-value crops.

Three human factors for the location of an industry →

 (a) Cheap labour must be available.

 (b) There should be easy flow and good flow of capital.

(c) Basic services like banking, insurance, transportation etc must be available.

A N S W E R
Three human factors which affect the industrial location are availability of cheap labour, availability of services such as consultants and financial advice and availability of market.

Three human factors which affect the industrial location are availability of cheap labour, availability of services such as consultants and financial advice and availability of market.

The consumer movement in India has led to the formation of various organisations locally known as consumer forums or consumer protection councils. They guide consumers on how to file cases in the consumer court. On many occasions, they also represent individual consumers in the consumer courts. These voluntary organisations also receive financial support from the government for creating awareness among the people.

If you are living in a residential colony, you might have noticed name boards of Resident Welfare Associations. If there is any unfair trade practice meted out to their members they take up the case on their behalf.