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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 3 months ago
Enzymes are actually made up of 1000s of amino acids that are linked in a specific way to form different enzymes. The enzyme chains fold over to form unique shapes and it is these shapes that provide the enzyme with its characteristic chemical potential. Most enzymes also contain a non-protein component known as the co-factor.
The biochemical reactions occurring in the body are basically of 6 types and the enzymes that bring about these reactions are named accordingly:
- Oxidoreductases: These enzymes bring about oxidation and reduction reactions and hence are called oxidoreductases. In these reactions, electrons in the form of hydride ions or hydrogen atoms are transferred. When a substrate is being oxidized, these enzymes act as the hydrogen donor. These enzymes are called dehydrogenases or reductases. When the oxygen atom is the acceptor, these enzymes are called oxidases.
- Transferases: These enzymes are responsible for transferring functional groups from one molecule to another. Example: alanine aminotransferase which shuffles the alpha‐amino group between alanine and aspartate etc. Some transferases also transfer phosphate groups between ATP and other compounds, sugar residues to form disaccharides such as hexokinase in glycolysis.
- Hydrolases: These enzymes catalyze reactions that involve the process of hydrolysis.They break single bonds by adding water. Some hydrolases function as digestive enzymes because they break the peptide bonds in proteins. Hydrolases can also be a type of transferases as they transfer the water molecule from one compound to another. Example: Glucose-6-phosphatase that removes the phosphate group from glucose-6-phosphate, leaving glucose and H3PO4.
- Lyases: These enzymes catalyze reactions where functional groups are added to break double bonds in molecules or where double bonds are formed by the removal of functional groups. Example: Pyruvate decarboxylase is a lyase that removes CO2 from pyruvate. Other examples include deaminases and dehydratases.
- Isomerases: These enzymes catalyze the reactions where a functional group is moved to another position within the same molecule such that the resulting molecule is actually an isomer of the earlier molecule. Example: triosephosphate isomerase and phosphoglucose isomerase for converting glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate.
- Ligases: These enzymes perform a function that is opposite to that of the hydrolases. Where hydrolases break bonds by adding water, ligases form bonds by removal of the water component. There are different subclasses of ligases which involve the synthesis of ATP.
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Marvel Legends Club. 6 years, 3 months ago
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Right hand thumb rule states that if we hold the conductor in the right hand such that the thumb points in the direction of electric current, then the direction in which the fingers curl gives the direction of the magnetic field.
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Advantages:
1. Once a dam is constructed, electricity can be produced at a constant rate.
2. Dams are designed to last many decades and so can contribute to the generation of electricity for many years / decades.
Disadvantages:
1.Dams are extremely expensive to build and must be built to a very high standard.
2. The flooding of large areas of land means that the natural environment is destroyed.
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A bar magnet is a rectangular piece of an object, made up of iron, steel or any other ferromagnetic substance or ferromagnetic composite, that shows permanent magnetic properties. It has two poles, a north and a south pole such that when suspended freely, the magnet aligns itself so that the northern pole points towards the magnetic north pole of the earth.
- Attractive Property – Magnet attracts ferromagnetic materials like iron, cobalt, and nickel.
- Repulsive Properties – Like magnetic poles repel each other and unlike magnetic poles attract each other.
- Directive Property – A freely suspended magnet always points in a north-south direction.
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Genes are the parts of chromosome that control a particular character inherited by the offspring.
They are the segments of DNA that control a particular or more than one character.
Genes provide the necessary information for the formation of proteins. These proteins formed influence the size, shape, colours etc of the progeny.
So, overall they control the characteristics inherited.
Posted by Rohit Raj Singh Maurya 6 years, 3 months ago
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Posted by Komal Meena 6 years, 3 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 3 months ago
|
Electromagnet |
Permanent Magnet |
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The magnetic properties are displayed when current is passed through it |
Magnetic properties exist when the material is magnetized |
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The strength is adjusted depending upon the amount of flow of current |
The strength depends upon the nature of the material used in its creation |
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Removal of magnetic properties is temporary |
Once magnetic properties is lost, it becomes useless |
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It requires a continuous supply of electricity to maintain its magnetic field. |
It doesn’t require a continuous supply of electricity to maintain its magnetic field |
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It is usually made of soft materials |
It is usually made of hard materials |
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The poles of this kind of magnet can be altered with the flow of current |
The poles of this kind of magnet cannot be changed. |
Arpit Maurya 6 years, 3 months ago

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