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Posted by Pradeepan K Pradeepan 5 years, 6 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 6 months ago
Potential difference is the difference in electric potential energy between two points. It is the amount of work done in moving a unit positive charge from one point to another point in an electric field. This is measured in volt.
An electric potential at a point in an electric field is the work done by the electric field in moving a unit positive charge from infinity to that point. This is also measured in volt.
Posted by Satyam Sharan Gupta 5 years, 6 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 6 months ago
Magnification (v/u) = -1 , where v is lens-to-image distance and u is lens-to object distance.
hence we get v = -u
if we substitute v = - u in lens equation (1/v)-(1/u) = (1/f), we get -(1/u) - (1/u) = 1/f or u = -2f
hence if object is placed at a distance 2f, we get magnification of image -1.
Posted by Atulendra Mishra 5 years, 6 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 6 months ago
Reproduction through spores is a type of asexual reproduction. It has several benefits, they are as listed below:
- Spore reproduction is quick and multiplies many at once, hence the population will increase and survival chances are high
- They remain dormant till favourable conditions are available
- As they are light, they can be carried by wind and hence can start growing in different regions
- They possess thick walls which enables them to survive even in unfavourable conditions
- As it is an asexual form of reproduction, there is no error in the copies of new entities produced, hence parental characters are not lost
- They assist the entity to tide over the bad phase
Posted by Disha Yadav 5 years, 6 months ago
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Atulendra Mishra 5 years, 6 months ago
Posted by Disha Yadav 5 years, 6 months ago
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Posted by Chaitanya Thakkar 5 years, 6 months ago
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Kirtika Sharma 5 years, 6 months ago
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Gaurav Seth 5 years, 6 months ago
| AUTOTROPHIC NUTRITION | HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION |
| 1) it means that the organism prepare its own food and is not dependent on any other organism. | 1) it means that the organism does not prepare its own food and dependent on other organism for food. |
| 2) food is prepared from co2 ,water,sunlight. | 2) food cannot be prepared from co2 ,water,sunlight. |
| 3) green plants and certain bacteria have autotrophic mode of nutrition. | 3) all the animals and fungi,most bacteria have heterotrophic mode of nutrition. |
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Posted by Bharam Singh Saini 5 years, 6 months ago
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Posted by Dharambir Dahiya 5 years, 6 months ago
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Gaurav Seth 5 years, 6 months ago
| Tropic movements | Nastic movements |
| These are directional movements of plants in response to stimulus. | These are non-directional movements of plants in response to stimulus. |
| Example: The upward growth of a plant stem in response to sunlight. | Example: The folding up of leaves in response to touch. |
Posted by ꧁༒RคМคห༒꧂ . 5 years, 6 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 6 months ago
| AC can carry and safe to transfer longer distance even between two cities, and maintain the electric power. | DC cannot travel for a very long distance. It does, it loses electric power. |
| The rotating magnets cause the change in direction of electric flow. | The steady magnetism makes DC flow in a single direction. |
| The frequency of AC is depended upon the country. But, generally, the frequency is 50Hz or 60Hz. | DC has no frequency of zero frequency. |
| In AC the flow of current changes its direction backwards periodically. | It flows in a single direction steadily. |
| Electrons in AC keep changing its directions – backward and forward | Electrons only move in one direction – that is forward. |
Posted by ꧁༒RคМคห༒꧂ . 5 years, 6 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 6 months ago
Trends in the modern periodic table
- The number of shells increases on going down the group.
- The number of valence shell electrons increases with the increase in atomic number on moving from left to right in a period with each period marking the filling of a new electronic shell.
- Atomic size decreases in moving from left to right along a period due to an increase in nuclear charge pulling the electrons closer to the nucleus.
- Addition of new shells down the group increases the distance between the outermost electrons and the nucleus thereby increasing the atomic size down the group.
- Across a period effective nuclear charge acting on the valence shell electrons increases which decreases the tendency to lose electrons. Hence metallic character decreases and non-metallic character increases across a period.
- Down the group, the effective nuclear charge decreases which increases the tendency to lose electrons. Hence metallic character increases and non-metallic character decreases down a group.
Arjun Kashyap 5 years, 6 months ago
Posted by Arjun Kashyap 5 years, 6 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 6 months ago
|
Mitosis |
Meiosis |
| Each chromosome replicates. The result is two genetically identical sister chromatids | Chromosomes not yet visible but DNA has been duplicated or replicated |
| Prophase I – crossing-over recombination – Homologous chromosomes (each consists of two sister chromatids) appear together as pairs. Tetrad is the structure that is formed. Segments of chromosomes are exchanged between non-sister chromatids at crossover points known as chiasmata (crossing-over) | Prophase –Each of the duplicated chromosomes appears as two identical or equal sister chromatids, The mitotic spindle begins to form. Chromosomes condense and thicken |
| Metaphase I Chromosomes adjust on the metaphase plate. Chromosomes are still intact and arranged as pairs of homologues | Metaphase -The chromosomes assemble at the equator at the metaphase plate |
| Anaphase I Sister chromatids stay intact. However, homologous chromosomes drift to the opposite or reverse poles | Anaphase – The spindle fibres begin to contract. This starts to pull the sister chromatids apart. At the end of anaphase, a complete set of daughter chromosomes is found each pole |
| Asexual Reproduction | Sexual Reproduction |
| Eukaryotic cells | Diploid cells |
| General growth and repair, Cell reproduction | Genetic diversity through sexual reproduction |
꧁༒RคМคห༒꧂ . 5 years, 6 months ago
Posted by Arjun Kashyap 5 years, 6 months ago
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Posted by Anushka Negi 5 years, 6 months ago
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Posted by Ridham Jain 5 years, 6 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 6 months ago
- Photosynthesis is essential for the existence of all life on earth. It serves a crucial role in the food chain – the plants create their food using this process, thereby, forming the primary producers.
- Photosynthesis is also responsible for the production of oxygen – which is needed by most organisms for their survival.
Posted by Anushka Negi 5 years, 6 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 6 months ago
The refraction of light by the Earth’s atmosphere is known as atmospheric refraction. The earth’s atmosphere is not evenly distributed and is optically denser at the bottom while is rarer at the top. The velocity of light changes from layer to layer. The molecules of different gases and dust particles have different optical densities. When an object transmits light rays in the atmosphere, these light rays pass through the atmosphere having different air layers of different densities and get refracted by the atmosphere.
Posted by Sanjeet Kumar 5 years, 6 months ago
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Posted by Bad? Boy 5 years, 6 months ago
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Posted by Anushka Negi 5 years, 6 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 6 months ago
Once filled with food, the stomach grinds and churns the food to break it down into small particles. It then pushes the small particles of food into the first part of the small intestine, called the duodenum. The small intestine is where most of the digestion and absorption of our food takes place....
Posted by Anushka Negi 5 years, 6 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 6 months ago
The Tyndall effect is scattering of light by particles in a colloid or particles in a fine suspension. It can be seen when the light passes through the colloids or turbid substances causing the light to scatter in multiple directions. Examples are:
- A blue iris in an eye is due to Tyndall scattering in a turbid layer in the iris.
- The Tyndall effect in opalescentglass: It appears blue from the side, but orange light shines through.
- Light being shined through milk. As milk is a collloid.
- On a day when the sky is overcast, the sunlight passes through the turbid layer of the clouds, resulting in scattered, diffuse light on the ground.
- Fog because it is a colloidal substance. When light hits a substance with scattered particles, it collides with the particles, causing the light to scatter in multiple directions.
- The tyndall effect can be observed when the sunlight passes through the canopy of a dense forest.
- This effect can also be seen when the sun sets as the sky changes color depending on how low the sun is and as a result how much atmosphere the sun's light must pass through.
- The blue colour of smoke coming out from a 2 stroke engine, or even a four stroke engine where the burnt engine oil provides the particles.
- The Tyndall Effect is also the reason why the sky blue.
Posted by Anushka Negi 5 years, 6 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 6 months ago
Oxidation of food resulting in bad taste and bad smell is known as rancidity.
Ways to prevent rancidity are :
1)by adding antioxidants .
2)by refrigerating the food items.
3)by flushing the food with nitrogen gas.
4)by using air tight containers.
5)by vacuum packing.
Posted by Anushka Negi 5 years, 6 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 6 months ago
Sometimes a person may suffer from both near sightedness and far-sightedness. Such people are advised to use bifocal lenses. Bifocal lenses consists of concave on the upper portion and convex on the lower portion.
Arjun Kashyap 5 years, 6 months ago
Posted by Anushka Negi 5 years, 6 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 6 months ago
Uses of convex lens are:
1) Convex lens is used in microscopes and magnifying glasses to subject all the light to a specific point.
2) Convex lens is used as a camera lens in cameras as they focus light for a clean picture.
3) Convex lens is used in the correction of hypermetropia.
Arjun Kashyap 5 years, 6 months ago
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