(i) Housing problem: The most important problem of London was housing the migrants. To house the new migrants and workers large block of apartments were built.
(ii) Principle of Garden City and Green Belt: Architect and planner Ebenezer Howard developed the principle of the Garden city, a pleasant space full of plants and trees, where people would both live ar.c work. Many architects also supported the idea of Green Belt around London
(iii) Housing and British government: Between the two World Wars (1919-391 the responsibility for housing the working classes was accepted by the British state, and a million houses, most of them single – family- cottages. were built by local authorities. Meanwhile, the City had extended beyond the range where people could walk to work, and the development of suburbs made new forms of mass transport absolutely necessary.
(iv) New transport system: The London underground railway was built to carry- people to arid fro the city. As a result the population of the city became more dispersed.
(v) Control over Criminalisation: To check the growth of criminalisation. the population of criminals was counted, their activities ware watched, and their ways of life were investigated. In an attempt to discipline the population, the authorities imposed high penalties for crime and offered work to those who were considered the deserving poor.

Cabinet is a small body of 15-18 leaders who hold important portfolios like defnce, railwyas, finance etc.

Cabinet is a group of leaders which meet as frequently as possible.

Cabinet is the one chief group advising and aiding president and prime minister .

Its only cabinet which in reality advice the president.

A motion moved by the opposition to prove that it has no confidence in the Council of Ministers. If such a motion is passed by the majority of members of the Lok Sabha, the ministry has to resign.

FCI STAND FOR FOOD CORPRATION OF INDIA WHICH WAS SET UP UNDER FOOD CORPORATION ACT 1964.

THE FUNCTION OF FCI

IT ALSO ANNOUNCED THE MINIMUM SUPPORT PRICE

FCI INVOLVE IN PURCHASING SURPLUS STOCK OF RICE AND WHEAT FROM THE FARMER
IT KEEPS A RECORD OF BUFFER STOCK IN THE COUNTRY.

France in the 18th century had many revolutionary thinkers. Among them were Voltaire, Rousseau, Montesquieu and Diderot. Their revolutionary ideas encouraged people to fight for their rights. They exposed the inefficiency of the monarch and his government and aroused the people to challenge authority.

BMI stand for body mass index it is the ratio of your weight and the height and it will tell whether you are underweight or normal or overweight.

BMI = Weight / (Height)²

The international military tribunal was set up at nuremberg in 1945, six and a half month after the 2nd world war to conduct trials on the nazis for their inhuman acts.these were considered as crimes against humanity and tried in a court where all the allied powers had representation. all the crimes perpretated by the nazis during the course of the war against jews, poles, russians and czechs were condemned and some prominent nazis were punished. the medical experiments conducted on the jews were also condemned and the numberg code of ethics in medicine were listed prohibiting the use of humans and the conducting of such inhuman and gruesome experiment without constant. the nazi organisations like secret police and gestapo were named as criminal organisations.

It was in 1794 that the Convention passed a law to free all slaves in French overseas possessions. But this lasted only for 10 years because when Napoleon Bonaparte became the emperor of France in 1804, he reintroduced slavery. In 1848, Slavery was finally abolished in French colonies.

• Once this Act came into force, these communities which were nomadic, now expected to live only in notified village settlements.
• They were not allowed to move out without a permit.
• The village police was also told to keep a continuous watch on them.
• By this Act, nomadic tribes learnt to live a settled life.

The council of ministers are collectively responsible to the Parliament. It means that when the cabinet or council of ministers have reached a decision, all the ministers must defend it inside the Parliament.
If any law or policy is rejected by the Lok Sabha or decision or budget proposal made by the ministry, it is taken to be a no confidence against the entire council of ministers. The passing of no confidence leads to the resignation of the entire council of ministers.
Apart from this, if the no confidence is passed against the Prime Minister, then also it leads to the removal of the entire council of ministers. The reason behind this is
the Prime Minister is the leader of the council of minister. Hence, the collective responsibility has its own importance.

• On October 16,1917 Lenin persuaded the Petrograd Soviet and the Bolshevik party to agree to a socialist seizure of power.
• A military revolutionary committee was appointed by the Soviet under Leon Trotsky.
• PM Kerensky had left the city to summon troops .
• Military men loyal to the Govt . seized the buildings of two Bolshevik newspaper.
• They take over telephone and telegraph offices and protect the Winter palace.
• The military revolutionary committee ordered its supporters to seize Govt offices and arrest ministers.
• At a meeting of the All Russian Congress of Soviets in Petrograd, the majority approved the Bolshevik action.

Five causes of deforestation in India during the British rule were:

a. The British considered forests as wildernesses which must be brought under cultivation to enhance the income of the state. Thus, large tracts of forest lands were cleared for cultivating land.

b. Due to high demand, forests in Britain were dissapearing. This created a problem for British Royal navy as wood as required to build ships. The British started exploring Indian forests on a massive scale.

c. Forests were destroyed to supply sleepers for railways and to further expand areas under railways.

d. The colonial government thought forests as unproductive and hence cleared them for building dams and layingdown cities.

e. Cash crops were expected to bring huge revenues. So large areas of natural forests were cleared to make way for tea, coffee and rubber plantations.