1)  Democracy is a better form of government when compared to other government systems due to many reasons
2)  They promote equality among citizens and it enhances the dignity of the individuals.
3)  It improves the quality of decision making, and hence, it provides a method to resolve conflicts.
4)   Democratic government is accountable to the citizens and hence responsive to the needs and welfare of citizens.
5)  Democracies conduct free and fair elections and hence, it is evident that democracy leads to peaceful and harmonious life among citizens

Wildlife sanctuaries of India faces the following threats:

• It has come under great stress and strain due the exponential growth of population.
• Encroachment of wildlife sanctuaries.
• Illegal felling of trees
• Poaching
• Overgrazing
• Pollution

The steps for encountering these problems are enumerated below:

• The indigenous people of the vicinity of the forests must be brought into confidence for supplementing smooth removal of encroachers and grazing in these lands. These can done through various incentives for them.
• The tourism Industry needs a shot in the arm for Generating income for the local people as well as the forest dept.
• The surrounding areas of the forest should be a no development zone.Laws in these aspect are to be chalked out and implemented.

Nazism became popular in Germany by 1930 due to lot of reasons:
→ The most apparent being the Great Depression. The Weimar Republic did little to remedy the country's economic downfall, and Hitler was presented as a saviour to the humiliated German people living in economic and political crises.
→ The powerful speeches of Hitler in which he sought to build great nation, undo the injustice of the Versailles Treaty, restore the dignity of German people and provide employement for all stirred hopes in people.
→ Nazi propganda was unique. Red banners with the Swastika, Nazi salute and the rounds of applause attracted the people making Nazism very popular.

The Council of Ministers are classified as follows:

• Cabinet Ministers: They are usually top-level leaders of the ruling party or parties who are in charge of the major ministries. Usually, the Cabinet Ministers meet to take decisions in the name of the Council of Ministers.
• Ministers of State with Independent Charge: They are usually in charge of smaller ministries. They participate in the cabinet meeting only when they are specially invited.
• Ministers of State: They are attached to and are required to assist the Cabinet Ministers.

• The government shall not deny the right to equality before the law to any person in India. Every Indian citizen; right from a poor landless labourer to the Prime Minister; is equal in the eyes of the law of the land. The law of the land does not discriminate between two persons on the basis of socio-economic status or power.
• Every citizen has equal access to public places and public facilities; like temples, bathing ghats, road, public toilets, community well, etc.
• Every person gets the equal opportunity to compete for public jobs; like Civil Services, defence services, etc. However, some provisions have been made to give special preference to people from the SCs, STs, Women and OBCs. Similarly, physically disabled are also given reservation in government jobs.
• Untouchability; in any form has been banned and has been made a punishable offence.

The Nazi used languages and media carefully to propagate Nazi ideologies in the following ways:

1. The words used to describe treatment to the Jews were deceptive. Nazis used the words such as ‘special treatment’ and ‘final solution’ for mass killings of the Jews. The term ’Evacuation’ was used for the mass deportation of the people to the gas chambers. Gas chambers were known as ‘disinfection- areas’.
2. Media was used to popularise the support of the government. Jews and those opposing the Nazis were stereotyped. Socialists and the liberals were attacked as foreign agents.
3.  Many propaganda films were made to spread  hatred towards the Jews. One such film was ‘The Eternal Jew’ which was antisemitic German Nazi propaganda film against the Jews. The Nazis had a great impact on the minds of the people and turned their attention towards the people who were labeled as the enemies of the Nazis. 

Third Estate: The 3rd estate of then French society was further divided into three categories. Big businessmen, merchants, court officials, lawyers, etc. belonged to the first category of 3rd estate. Peasants and artisans belonged to the second category. And small peasants, landless labours and servants belonged to third category, and were considered as the lowest class in the society. Members of the third state had to pay all types of taxes including tithes and taille.

The newly elected assembly was called the ‘Convention’. On 21st Sep. 1792, it abolished the monarchy and declared France a republic. A republic is a form of government where the people elect the government including the head of the government. There is no hereditary monarch.

Birth rate is the number of live births in a year per 1000 of the population of an area.

• The main objective of the buffer stock is to distribute the foodgrains in the deficit areas and among the poorer strata of society at a price lower than the market price.
• The second objective of the buffer stock is to resolve the problem of shortage of food during adverse weather conditions or during the period of calamity.
• The third important objective of the buffer stock is to save the farmers from ups and downs of the market. Under this farmers are paid a preannounced price for their crops. This price is declared by the government before the sowing season to provide incentives to the farmers.
• Buffer stocks are also created by the government to maintain uninterrupted supply of foodgrains throughout India and throughout the year.

The Indian Constitution lays down a procedure for choosing persons to govern the country. It defines who will have how much power to take which decisions. It puts limits to what the government can do by providing some rights to citizen.

The money requirements of small and large farmers is met by borrowing money from large farmers or the village moneylenders or the traders who supplies various inputs for cultivation ,which have a high interest . Whereas on the other hand ,medium and large farmers have a high productivity and so, they keep some grains for self consumption and sells the rest of grains into the market which met the money requirements of medium and large farmers and also, they are able to keep some money to deposit in their bank accounts,some to lend money to the small and marginal farmers and some for increasing their working capital and rest for their own expenses.

Two circumstances under which the principle of non- discrimination is violated in social life is the practice of the principle of untouchability in rural India and discrimination among people on the basis of religion.
Caste system has been one of the major evils which has been in existence in the Indian society since the ancient period. People of lower caste have been systematically denied education, equal opportunities of work and have been forced to do all sorts of menial jobs. They are regarded as untouchables. It was to do away with this practice of inequality that Our Constitution declared the practice of untouchability as an act punishable by law. Over the years, the conditions in urban India has changed considerably but people are still discriminated in rural India on the basis of caste.
India is a secular country where people have the right to propagate, profess and practice their religion. People of minority community are many times discriminated in the society on the basis of religion. For example in Mumbai, people of a particular minority community find it difficult to find a house on rent. This violates the principle of non- discrimination in social life. Efforts are been made to strengthen the housing society laws in order to do away with this injustice.

***-ratio: It is defined as the dumber of females per 1000 males in the population. This information is an impoftant’Soeial indicator to measure the extent of equality between males and females in a society at a given time.
Reasons for Unfavourable ***-ratio for Females
(i) Preferential treatment is given to a male child and female children get neglected in most Indian homes.
(ii) The Infant mortality rate in India is high and female infant mortality rate is still higher.
(iii) People go through pre-natal *** determination test. In case of a girl child they abort the child.
(iv) Women generally have lower social, political and economic status in the Indian society. We find dowry deaths, opposition to widow remarriages and low nutritional levels in woman.
(v) hack of social awareness programmes among people especially in rural areas.

***-ratio: It is defined as the dumber of females per 1000 males in the population. This information is an impoftant’Soeial indicator to measure the extent of equality between males and females in a society at a given time.
Reasons for Unfavourable ***-ratio for Females
(i) Preferential treatment is given to a male child and female children get neglected in most Indian homes.
(ii) The Infant mortality rate in India is high and female infant mortality rate is still higher.
(iii) People go through pre-natal *** determination test. In case of a girl child they abort the child.
(iv) Women generally have lower social, political and economic status in the Indian society. We find dowry deaths, opposition to widow remarriages and low nutritional levels in woman.
(v) hack of social awareness programmes among people especially in rural areas.