The mainland extends between latitudes 8°4' N and 37°6' N and longitudes 68°7'E and 97°25'E.

Though the latitudinal & longitudinal extent of India is about 30°, yet the north-south extent  is greater than the east-west extent because the distance between any 2 lines of longitude is maximum at the equator & it goes on decreasing as 1 moves north or south of the equator,whereas the distance between 2 lines of latitude remains the same.

India lies entirely in the Northern Hemisphere. The mainland extends between latitudes 84'N and 376'N and longitudes 6871E and 9725'E. The Tropic of Cancer (2330'N) divides the country into almost two equal parts. To the southeast of the mainland lies the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal. To the southwest of the mainland lies the Lakshadweep Islands in the Arabian Sea.

The extent of the Andaman and Nicobar islands is-Latitudinal extent : 645'N to 14N Longitudinal extent : 92E to 94E

The extent of the Lakshadweep islands is-Latitudinal extent : 8N to 123'N Longitudinal extent : 71E to 74'E

The southernmost point of the Indian union is Indira Point.

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It is now a deleted chapter.........

Causes of the French Revolution: Despotic rule of Louis XVI: He became the ruler of France in 1774. He had drained the financial resources of France in wars. For the cost of his regular extravagant expenses, he increased taxes which were paid by the third estate. Division of French society: The French society was divided into three estates; first, second and third estates, respectively. Among them, First and Second Estates had 10 per cent of the total population and were the clergy and nobles. They enjoyed all privileges. Rest of the 90 per cent was of the third estate, which paid all kinds of direct or indirect taxes. This kind of discrimination led to the revolution by the third estate. Rising prices: The population of France had increased. This resulted into more demand of food grains. So the price of bread rose rapidly, which the poor could not afford to buy. So the gap between the rich and poor widened. Inspiration of the philosophers: Philosophers like John Locke, Jean Jacques Rousseau and Montesquieu propagated the ideas of having a society where people would enjoy freedom, equal laws and equal opportunities. Their ideas inspired the people of France to realise their dreams. Role of middle class: The 18th century witnessed the emergence of social groups termed as middle class, who earned their wealth through an expanding trade of the manufactured goods, being exported. There were other professionals also like lawyers, administrative officials who were all educated. They believed that no group in society should be privileged by birth.

Causes of the French Revolution:

Despotic rule of Louis XVI: He became the ruler of France in 1774. He had drained the financial resources of France in wars. For the cost of his regular extravagant expenses, he increased taxes which were paid by the third estate.
Division of French society: The French society was divided into three estates; first, second and third estates, respectively. Among them, First and Second Estates had 10 per cent of the total population and were the clergy and nobles. They enjoyed all privileges. Rest of the 90 per cent was of the third estate, which paid all kinds of direct or indirect taxes. This kind of discrimination led to the revolution by the third estate.
Rising prices: The population of France had increased. This resulted into more demand of food grains. So the price of bread rose rapidly, which the poor could not afford to buy. So the gap between the rich and poor widened.
Inspiration of the philosophers: Philosophers like John Locke, Jean Jacques Rousseau and Montesquieu propagated the ideas of having a society where people would enjoy freedom, equal laws and equal opportunities. Their ideas inspired the people of France to realise their dreams.
Role of middle class: The 18th century witnessed the emergence of social groups termed as middle class, who earned their wealth through an expanding trade of the manufactured goods, being exported. There were other professionals also like lawyers, administrative officials who were all educated. They believed that no group in society should be privileged by birth.

Hilter rose to power. He was born in 1889 in Austria and spent his youth in poverty. In the First World War, he enrolled for the army, acted as a messenger in the front, became a corporal, and earned medals for bravery. Hitler joined a small group called the German Workers’ Party in 1919. He took over the organisation and renamed it the National Socialist German Workers’ Party, which later came to be known as the Nazi Party. In 1923, he planned to seize control of Bavaria, march to Berlin and capture power. During the Great Depression, Nazism became a mass movement. After 1929, banks collapsed, businesses shut down, workers lost their jobs and the middle classes were threatened with destitution. In such a situation, Nazi propaganda stirred hopes of a better future. Hitler was a powerful speaker and his words moved people. In his speech, he promised to build a strong nation, undo the injustice of the Versailles Treaty and restore the dignity of the German people. He also promised employment for those looking for work and a secure future for the youth. He promised to weed out all foreign influences and resist all foreign ‘conspiracies’ against Germany. Hitler started following a new style of politics and his followers held big rallies and public meetings to demonstrate support. According to the Nazi propaganda, Hitler was called a messiah, a saviour, as someone who had arrived to deliver people from their distress.

Hilter rose to power. He was born in 1889 in Austria and spent his youth in poverty. In the First World War, he enrolled for the army, acted as a messenger in the front, became a corporal, and earned medals for bravery. Hitler joined a small group called the German Workers’ Party in 1919. He took over the organisation and renamed it the National Socialist German Workers’ Party, which later came to be known as the Nazi Party. In 1923, he planned to seize control of Bavaria, march to Berlin and capture power. During the Great Depression, Nazism became a mass movement. After 1929, banks collapsed, businesses shut down, workers lost their jobs and the middle classes were threatened with destitution. In such a situation, Nazi propaganda stirred hopes of a better future. Hitler was a powerful speaker and his words moved people. In his speech, he promised to build a strong nation, undo the injustice of the Versailles Treaty and restore the dignity of the German people. He also promised employment for those looking for work and a secure future for the youth. He promised to weed out all foreign influences and resist all foreign ‘conspiracies’ against Germany. Hitler started following a new style of politics and his followers held big rallies and public meetings to demonstrate support. According to the Nazi propaganda, Hitler was called a messiah, a saviour, as someone who had arrived to deliver people from their distress.

Hitler attained power in March 1933, after the Reichstag adopted the Enabling Act of 1933 in that month, giving expanded authority. President Paul von Hindenburg had already appointed Hitler as Chancellor on 30 January 1933 after a series of parliamentary elections and associated backroom intrigues. Hitler was appointed Chancellor in January 1933. His rise to power was the result of many factors: the impact of the Depression, the weaknesses of Weimar democracy and the strengths of the Nazi party.

Awareness is the key in being able to plan carefully and succeed in the planning when an uncertain event happens. Through proper assessment and planning the community would lessen casualties and bad side effects of any uncertain events. It is our duty to support people to understand the risks, and their important role in protecting themselves and being more resilient. Every organization and government engaged in disaster risk reduction awareness must plan and communicate harmonized messages – a key element to avoid confusion.

Caste is a form of social stratification characterized by endogamy, hereditary transmission of a style of life which often includes an occupation, ritual status in a hierarchy, and customary social interaction and exclusion based on cultural notions of purity and pollution. The caste system consists of two different concepts, varna and jati, which may be regarded as different levels of analysis of this system. The caste system as it exists today is thought to be the result of developments during the collapse of the Mughal era and the rise of the British colonial regime in India.

The situation of underemployment is referred to the situation when people are apparently working but all of them are made to work less than their potential is called disguised unemployment. In this case, the person considers himself employed but is actually not working.

Example

(i) In rural areas, where agriculture is the main source of income, this kind of unemployment can be seen often. If a piece of land requires only three people to work on it and instead five people are working on it, then the two extra people are said to be in a situation of disguised unemployment.

(i) In cities and urban areas, disguised unemployment is seen when painters, plumbers, electricians are unable to find work on a daily basis and work way less than their potential.

Disguised unemployment is unemployment that does not affect aggregate economic output. It occurs when productivity is low and too many workers are filling too few jobs. It can refer to any part of the population that is not employed at full capacity.

Yes mere school open ho chuke n

Yeah my school is open

No

NOOO

No

Very good description from google

Main Sectors :-
(i) Primary Sector: It includes agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing, poultry farming and mining.
(ii) Secondary Sector: Quarrying and manufacturing of goods.
(iii) Tertiary Sector: Trade, transport, banks, health, education and all types of services.

There are many..... ECONOMIC CAUSE IMMEDIATE CAUSE AND OTHERS

The nature of unemployment in under-developed countries is quite different; it is of chronic and long-term nature. It is now almost universally recognized that the chronic unemployment and under-employment in less developed countries are not due to the lack of aggregate effective demand which, according to J.M. Keynes, was responsible for unemployment in developed countries in times of depression.
Rather it is stated to be due to the lack of land, capital and other complementary resources in relation to the total population and labor force.

By Code of Conduct we mean a set of norms and guidelines to be followed by political parties and contesting candidates during election time. According to this, no party or candidate can 
(i) use any place of workshop for election propaganda; 
(ii) use government vehicles, aircrafts and officials for elections; and 
(iii) once elections are announced, Minister shall not lay foundation stones of any projects, take any big policy decisions or make any promises of providing public facilities.

The South African Constitution inspires democrats all over the world. South Africa was a country which was looked down upon by many during the Apartheid regime.Today the determination of the people of South Africa to work together, without bearing any grudge against the white regime looked upon with great respect. South Africa has made its constitution just like an ideal constitution for every country to follow. The South African Constitution sees people of all skin colour as equal. Men and women are treated equally in this country. Blacks, whites and coloured people, men and women, live as free citizens, in total harmony in South Africa. This just because of its constitution. 

Preamble is an introductory statement to the Constitution which contains the ideals on which the Constitution is based and the basic underlying principles of the Constitution.
Importance of the Preamble can be stated as follows
(i) The Preamble contains the philosophy on which the entire Constitution has been built. It provides a standard to examine and evaluates any law and action of government to find out whether it is good or bad. Hence, it is the soul of the Constitution.
(ii) The Preamble shows the way the government ought to run. It declares India to be a sovereign, socialist, secular and democratic republic.
(iii) It envisages justice-social, economic and political-for all its citizens. It seeks to give the citizens all types of freedoms-freedom of thought and expression, freedom of belief and worship etc.
(iv) The Preamble mentions people as the source of the Constitution. It seeks to provide equality of status and opportunity to all individuals and thus promotes a sense of brotherhood among all citizens.

The main features of the Constitution of 1791 are given below: 
(i) France became a Constitutional monarchy. The powers of the king were reduced to a great extent. 
(ii) These powers instead of being concentrated in the hands of one person, were now separated and assigned to different institutionsthe legislature, executive and judiciary. This made France a constitutional monarchy. 
(iii) The Constitution of 1791 vested the power to make laws in the National Assembly, which was indirectly elected i.e. citizens voted for a group of electors, who in turn chose the Assembly. 
(iv) Only men above 25 years of age who paid taxes equal to at least 3 days of a labourer's wage were given the right to vote. It means they were active citizens. The remaining men and all women were classed as passive citizens. 
(v) To qualify as an elector and then as a member of the assembly a man had to belong to the highest bracket of tax payers. 
(vi) The constitution began with a Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. Rights such as the right to life, freedom of speech, freedom of opinion, equality before law could now be availed by each human being by birth.

The Reign of Terror (From 1793 to 1794) The period from 1793 to 1794 is known as the Reign of Terror. Maximilian Robespierre sentenced to death all those persons who he considered as enemies of the republic, whether they were ex-noble, clergy, and members of any political parties; including Jacobins.

Unemployment is defined as to exist that peoples who are willing to do work at the going wages can't find jobs.

The 3 main categories of unemployment are

1. Structural unemployment: This kind of unemployment happens when the demand for a special type of worker is not available. This happens due to the difference between the skills an employer is taking for, and the skills workers actually have.

2. Frictional unemployment: This kind of unemployment arises when workers left their job and search for another one. The time gap between this mentioned as frictional unemployment. Example – quitting or termination.

3. Cyclical unemployment: This kind of unemployment appears when there is a regress and many people lose their posts. When the economy goes up and down, based on these cycles, people became unemployed. That is why this is called cyclical unemployment.

Some reasons for accepting the same Constitution till today are:

• The Constitution does not reflect the views of its members alone. It expresses a broad consensus of its time.
• The Constituent Assembly represented the people of India. There was no Universal Adult Franchise at that time. So, the Constituent Assembly could not have been chosen directly by all the people of India but it was elected mainly by the members of Provincial Legislatures, which ensured a fair share of all the regions of the country.
• The Constituent Assembly worked in a systematic, open and consensual manner.

liberals were called non democrats, as the democrats are the one who supports all the democratic rights to all the citizens whether a man or a woman, but liberals were oppose to universal adult franchise and also against some of the woman and children rights. That's why they are called non democrats.

About 99 percent of your body is made up of atoms of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen. You also contain much smaller amounts of the other elements that are essential for life.

It is a revolution that increased the production of crops is known as green revolution

Examples??

The ‘Green Revolution’ was introduced in India, in the late 1960s. Indian farmers used it for the production of major food crops like wheat and rice. They made use of the High Yielding Variety seeds, which produced much greater yield than the traditional seeds. However, they needed plenty of water, chemical fertilisers and pesticides to produce best results.

Yes he is Maximilian Robespierre

The leader of the Jacobin club was Maximilian Robespierre.

HYV Seeds vs Traditional Seeds
HYV seeds are better quality seeds.	Traditional seeds are normal quality seeds.
Genetic Improvement
These are genetically improved seeds.	Genetic make up of the seed is not modified of enhanced.
Need for Labor of Production
This is labor intensive.	Comparatively, not labor intensive.
Input
HYV seeds require high levels of chemical fertilizers and good water supply	Requirement for chemicals and water are at the normal recommended levels.
Pests and Diseases
These are less prone to pests and diseases.	These are more prone to pests and diseases.
Flood and Drought Tolerance
HYV seeds are resistant to flood and drought.	Traditional seeds are susceptible to flood and drought.
Yield
These give a higher yield per unit area.	These give a low yield per unit area.
Plants
Mother plants are dwarf and stiff strawed.	Plants are not artificially dwarf and stiff strawed
Need for Capital and Technology
The successful cultivation of HYV seeds requires more capital and modern farming tools such as tractors etc.	Modern tools and technologies are not necessary for traditional farming. Capital investment also less in traditional farming.

What is grean revolution

Abbe sieyes

Abbe Sieyes