Al Idrisi was a Muslim geographer, cartographer, Egyptologist and traveller who lived in Sicily, at the court of King Roger II.

The wool which is used for knitting sweaters and weaving shawls involves following steps:

1. Shearing: The process of removing hair from the body of a sheep in the form of fleece is called shearing. Usually the hairs are removed during the hot weather which enables sheep to survive without their protective coat of hair. The hair provides woolen fibres and than are processed to obtain woolen yarn. Shearing does not hurt the sheep as the upper most layer of skin is dead.
2. Scouring: The process of washing the fleece that removes dust, dirt, dried sweat and grease is called scouring. This process makes the fleece of sheep clean. The scoured fleece is then dried.
3. Sorting:  The process of separating the fleece of a sheep into sections according to the quality of woolen fibres is called sorting.  The hairy skin is sent to a factory where hair of different textures is sorted. The same quality wool obtained from the fleece of large number of sheep is than mixed together.
4. Dyeing: The hair of sheep is white, brown, or black in color. The white woolen fibres obtained by sorting can be dyed in different colors.
5. Combing: This is a process of preparing woolen fibres for spinning the yarn. It is done by using combs having metal teeth.
6. Spinning: The long woolen fibres are spun into thick yarn called wool.

Microorganisms are so small that they can only be seen under a microscope. These include a huge range of organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, algae, protozoa, etc. These microbes can be beneficial as well as harmful in many ways.

• Human beings are the most important part of environment. They not only interact with the environment but also modify it according to their needs.
• Early humans adapted themselves to the natural surroundings. They led a simple life and fulfilled their requirements from the nature around them. With time needs grew and became more varied.
• Modifications done by human beings have disturbed our ecosystem. Man is responsible for degrading the environment. Deforestation, Soil Erosion, etc. are some of the important factors.
• Humans must maintain balance between natural and human environment. Resources to be used wisely and should be preserved for future.

Major components of environment are; natural environment and human environment.

1. Natural Environment: Natural environment includes the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and the biosphere. The lithosphere is composed of rocks and minerals. Atmosphere is composed of air. Hydrosphere is composed of water. Biosphere is the narrow zone where life exists.
2. Human Environment: Human environment consists of the interactions and creations of human beings. It includes modification in the environment and activities like large scale production, agriculture, invention of the wheel, barter system, trade etc.

Parasite:

1. The organism, which depends upon other organism for its nourishment and growth, is known as parasite.

2. It has intracellular digestion.

3. It causes harm to the organism.

Saprophyte:

1. The organism, which grows on dead and decaying material for its growth, is known as saprophyte.

2. It shows extracellular digestion.

3. It does not depend on living host.

Mode of Nutrition in Plants:

Plants are the only organisms that prepare food for themselves by using water, carbon-dioxide and minerals and raw materials are present in their surroundings. On the basis of their mode of nutrition the organisms are divided into two groups:

1. Autotrophs: Those organisms which can make food themselves from simple substances like carbon dioxide and water by the process of photosynthesis are called autotrophs. All green plants are autotrophs.

2. Parasites: The plant which lives on or inside another organism and derives the food from it is called as parasite. These plants produce certain special type of roots called as sucking roots which penetrate into the host plant for e.g. Cuscuta plant.

3. Insectivorous Plants: Those green plants which obtain their food partly from insects are called insectivorous plants. These plants have specialized leaves to catch the insects. They are also called as carnivorous plants. For e.g. Pitcher plant, Sundew plant, venus fly-trap plant etc.
4. Saprotrophs: Those non-green plants which obtain food from dead or decaying organic matter are called saprotrophs. The saprophytic plants secrete digestive juices on the dead and decaying organic matter and convert it into a solution. They absorb the nutrients from this solution. For e.g. fungi such as mushrooms, bread mould and yeast.

Mulberry silk is the highest quality silk available for purchase. The unique thing about Mulberry silk is how it is produced. The resulting cocoons are spun into raw silk fibers. Because the silkworms of the Bombyx mori moth are fed only Mulberry leaves, the resulting silk is some of the finest available in the world.

Mulberry silk is the highest quality silk available for purchase. The unique thing about Mulberry silk is how it is produced. The resulting cocoons are spun into raw silk fibers. Because the silkworms of the Bombyx mori moth are fed only Mulberry leaves, the resulting silk is some of the finest available in the world.