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    • Posted by Parray Touseef 4 years, 3 months ago

    CBSE > Class 07 > Social Science
    • 1 answers

    Gaurav Seth 4 years, 3 months ago

    The main expansion of the Sultanate took place during the reigns of Ghiyasuddin Balban, Alauddin Khalji and Muhammad Tughluq. The campaigns of expansion were along the internal frontier and external frontier.

    Campaigns along the internal frontier: These aimed at consolidating the garrison towns of hinterlands. These included clearing of forests in the Ganga-Yamuna doab and expulsion of hunter-gatherers and pastoralists from their habitats. These lands were given to peasants to encouraging agriculture. The trade routes were protected and regional trade was promoted by establishing new fortresses and towns.

    Campaigns along the external frontier: Military expeditions into southern India that started during the reign of Alauddin Khalji culminated during the reign of Muhammad Tughluq. In their campaigns; elephants, horses and slaves were captured and precious metals were plundered by the Sultanate armies.

    The armies of the Delhi Sultanate had conquered a large part of the subcontinent by the end of Muhammad Tughluq’s reign. They succeeded in defeating their rivals and seizing many cities. The sultanate collected taxes from the peasantry and also dispensed justice in its realm.

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    • Posted by Parray Touseef 4 years, 3 months ago

    CBSE > Class 07 > Social Science
    • 1 answers

    Gaurav Seth 4 years, 3 months ago

    Administration and consolidation by Khaljis and Tughluqs

    Reliable governors and administrators were needed for the vast kingdom of the Delhi Sultanate. The early Delhi Sultans chose to employ special slaves (whom they had purchased for military service) as governors, instead of employing aristocrats and landed chieftains. Especially, Iltutmish employed the slaves as mentioned above. These slaves were called bandagan in Persian. They were trained well to man some of the important political offices of the kingdom and their total dependence on the master ensured their reliability and dependability.

    People of humble birth were also raised to high political positions by the Tughluqs and Khaljis. These people were often their clients (i.e. someone who is under another person’s protection or is dependent on another person). These people were appointed as governors and generals. But this also led to some political instability creeping in.

    The slaves and clients were very loyal to their masters and patron. But they were not loyal to their heirs.

    New Sultans had their own servants and hence often there was conflict between the old and new nobility whenever there was an accession. The authors of the Persian tawarikh criticized the appointment of the ‘low and base-born’ to high offices.

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    • Posted by Parray Touseef 4 years, 3 months ago

    CBSE > Class 07 > Social Science
    • 1 answers

    Gaurav Seth 4 years, 3 months ago

    The steps taken to ensure that muqtis performed, their duties were following:                        (i) Their office was not inheritable.                            (ii) They were assigned iqtas for a short period of time before being shifted. (iii) Accountants were appointed by the plate to check the amount of revenue collected by the muqtis. (iv) Care was taken that the muqti collected only the taxes prescribed by the state and that he kept the required number of soldiers. I think the muqtis may have wanted to defy the orders of the Sultans in order to exercise their control over money and military resources.  

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    • Posted by Parray Touseef 4 years, 3 months ago

    CBSE > Class 07 > Social Science
    • 1 answers

    Gaurav Seth 4 years, 3 months ago

    The Delhi Sultanate mobilised a large standing army in Delhi as it posed a big administrative challenge.

    Alauddin Khalji constructed a new garrison town at Siri for his soldiers. He imposed taxes on land to feed the army at the rate of 50 percent of peasant's yield. He began to pay the soldiers in cash.
    Muhammad Tugluq shifted people of Delhi to Daulatabad in south and thus converted Delhi into a garrison town. He also disbanded the army. He also paid the soldiers in cash.

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    • Posted by Parray Touseef 4 years, 3 months ago

    CBSE > Class 07 > Social Science
    • 1 answers

    Meghna Thapar 4 years ago

    Ghiyasuddin Balban became the king of Mamluk(Slave) Dynasty after Nassiruddin Mahmud in 1296 CE. He asserted his authority over the nobles b: i) He crushed the revolts of the Turkish nobles by transferring them to places away from Delhi. ii) He declared that the sultan is the representative of God on Earth. During his reign, Balban ruled with an iron fist. He broke up the 'Chahalgani', a group of the forty most important nobles in the court. Balban wanted to make sure everyone was loyal to the crown by establishing an efficient espionage system, in the style of the Umayyad Barid.

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    • Posted by Romani Arambam 4 years, 3 months ago

    CBSE > Class 07 > Social Science
    • 1 answers

    Sarita Singh 4 years, 3 months ago

    a town that has troops permanently stationed in it.

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    • Posted by Divijaa Grover 4 years, 3 months ago

    CBSE > Class 07 > Social Science
    • 3 answers

    Shivang Raj 4 years, 3 months ago

    In a democracy why the universal adult franchise important

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    Shivang Raj 4 years, 3 months ago

    In democracy why is universal adult franchise important

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    Yogita Ingle 4 years, 3 months ago

    From the beginning the relationship between the Ahoms and the Mughals was hostile and that was due to certain factors, such as, Mughal alliance with Koch Bihar, the western enemy of the Ahoms and secondly the growing advance of the Mughals in north-eastern frontier which alarmed them.

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    • Posted by Divija Jaisinghani 4 years, 3 months ago

    CBSE > Class 07 > Social Science
    • 1 answers

    Mohit Jangra 4 years, 3 months ago

    The Delhi Sultanate was an Islamic empire based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent for 320 years (1206–1526).[5][6] Five dynasties ruled over the Delhi Sultanate sequentially: the Mamluk/ Slave dynasty (1206–1290), the Khilji dynasty (1290–1320), the Tughlaq dynasty (1320–1414),[7] the Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451), and the Lodi dynasty (1451–1526). Delhi Sultanate 1206–1526 Delhi Sultanate reached its zenith under the Turko-Indian Tughlaq dynasty.[1] Capital Lahore (1206–1210) Badayun (1210–1214) Delhi (1214–1327) Daulatabad (1327–1334) Delhi (1334–1506) Agra (1506–1526) Common languagesPersian (official),[2] Hindustani (since 1451)[3]Religion Sunni IslamGovernmentSultanateSultan  • 1206–1210 Qutb al-Din Aibak (first) • 1517–1526 Ibrahim Lodi (last)LegislatureCorps of FortyHistorical eraMiddle Ages • Independence[4] 12 June 1206 • Battle of Amroha 20 December 1305 • Battle of Panipat 21 April 1526CurrencyTaka Preceded bySucceeded byGhurid dynastyGahadavalaChandela dynastyParamara dynastyDeva dynastySeuna (Yadava) dynastyKakatiya dynastyMusunuri NayaksVaghela dynastyYajvapala dynastyChahamanas of RanastambhapuraMughal EmpireBengal SultanateBahamani SultanateGujarat SultanateMalwa SultanateVijayanagara EmpireToday part ofBangladesh India Nepal Pakistan It covered parts of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and some parts of southern Nepal. As a successor to the short-lived Ghurid empire, the Delhi Sultanate was originally one among a number of principalities ruled by Turkic slave-generals of Muhammad Ghori, who had conquered large parts of northern India, including Yildiz, Aibek and Qubacha, that had inherited and divided the Ghurid territories amongst themselves.[8] After a long period of infighting, the Mamluks were overthrown in the Khalji revolution which marked the transfer of power from the Turks to a heterogenous Indo-Mussalman nobility.[9][10] Both of the resulting Khalji and Tughlaq dynasties respectively saw a new wave of rapid Muslim conquests deep into South India.[11] The sultanate finally reached the peak of its geographical reach during the Tughlaq Dynasty, occupying most of the Indian subcontinent.[12] This was followed by decline due to Hindu reconquests, states such as the Vijayanagara Empire and Mewar asserting independence, and new Muslim sultanates such as the Bengal Sultanate breaking off.[13][14] In 1526, the Sultanate was conquered and succeeded by the Mughal Empire. The sultanate is noted for its integration of the Indian subcontinent into a global cosmopolitan culture[15] (as seen concretely in the development of the Hindustani language[16] and Indo-Islamic architecture[17][18]), being one of the few powers to repel attacks by the Mongols (from the Chagatai Khanate)[19] and for enthroning one of the few female rulers in Islamic history, Razia Sultana, who reigned from 1236 to 1240.[20] Bakhtiyar Khalji's annexations were responsible for the large-scale desecration of Hindu and Buddhist temples[21] (leading to the decline of Buddhism in East India and Bengal[22][23]), and the destruction of universities and libraries.[24][25] Mongolian raids on West and Central Asia set the scene for centuries of migration of fleeing soldiers, learned men, mystics, traders, artists, and artisans from those regions into the subcontinent, thereby establishing Islamic culture in India.[26][27]

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    • Posted by Divijaa Grover 4 years, 3 months ago

    CBSE > Class 07 > Social Science
    • 1 answers

    Meghna Thapar 4 years, 3 months ago

    Mansabdars

    Mansabdars had a military background and were the heads of small areas called mansabs. They were officials who had the duty to maintain army units according to their capability. They fulfilled the military needs of the Mughal empire and were given revenue from their mansab in return. The mansabdari system was basically a decentralization of the army. The mansabdars were answerable to the emperor.

    Jagirdars

    The jagirdari system involved the division of the empire into a number of jagirs. The jagirdar was responsible for the maintenance of the financial system of the area. He collected the revenue from the area and handed it over to the central empire.

    The difference between them is that the former was responsible for the military management and the latter managed the revenue collection.

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    • Posted by Neha Sharma 4 years, 3 months ago

    CBSE > Class 07 > Social Science
    • 1 answers

    Sarita Singh 4 years, 3 months ago

    CBSE Study Material NCERT Solutions RD Sharma Solutions NCERT Books Textbook Solutions CBSE Notes Notification CBSE Notes CBSE Notes For Class 7 Class 7 Social Science Notes Class 7 Geography Notes Chapter 5 Water  CBSE Class 7 Geography Notes Chapter 5 - Water Water is one of the most important substances on earth. All plants and animals must have water to survive. If there was no water there would be no life on earth. Water that is safe for drinking is called potable water. There are various sources from where we can collect water. Water Cycle: The process by which water continually changes its form and circulates between oceans, atmosphere and land is known as the water cycle. The major sources of freshwater are the rivers, ponds, springs and glaciers. The ocean bodies and the seas contain salty water. Most of the salt is sodium chloride or the common table salt that we eat. Distribution of Water Bodies Three-fourth of the earth’s surface is covered by water. Water is absolutely essential for survival. Water alone can quench our thirst when we are thirsty. Ocean Circulation The movements that occur in oceans can be broadly categorised as waves, tides and currents. Waves When the water on the surface of the ocean rises and falls alternately, they are called waves. During a storm, the winds blowing at very high speed form huge waves. These may cause tremendous destruction. An earthquake, a volcanic eruption or underwater landslides can shift large amounts of ocean water. As a result a huge tidal wave called tsunami is formed. Tides The rhythmic rise and fall of ocean water twice in a day is called a tide. It is high tide when water covers much of the shore by rising to its highest level. It is low tide when waterfalls to its lowest level and recedes from the shore. The strong gravitational pull exerted by the sun and the moon on the earth’s surface cause the tides. During the full moon and new moon days, the sun, the moon and the earth are in the same line and the tides are highest. These tides are called spring tides. But when the moon is in its first and last quarter, the ocean waters get drawn in diagonally opposite directions by the gravitational pull of sun and moon resulting in low tides. These tides are called neap tides. Ocean Currents Ocean currents are streams of water flowing constantly on the ocean surface in definite directions. The ocean currents may be warm or cold. The warm ocean currents originate near the equator and move towards the poles. The cold currents carry water from polar or higher latitudes to tropical or lower latitudes. Warm currents bring about warm temperature over land surface. The areas where the warm and cold currents meet provide the best fishing grounds of the world. Seas around Japan and the eastern coast of North America are such examples. The areas where a warm and cold current meets experience foggy weather making it difficult for navigation.

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    Hii

    • Posted by Mahi Pagdhare 4 years, 3 months ago

    CBSE > Class 07 > Social Science
    • 5 answers

    Sirisha Pradhan 4 years, 3 months ago

    Hii

    2Thank You

    Neha Sharma 4 years, 3 months ago

    Hello ???

    2Thank You

    Nandini Kumari 4 years, 3 months ago

    Hello

    2Thank You

    Pratham Nagwal 4 years, 3 months ago

    ,☣️☣️☣️☣️☣️☣️☣️☣️☣️

    2Thank You

    Ranit Dutta 4 years, 3 months ago

    Hiii

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    • Posted by Divijaa Grover 4 years, 3 months ago

    CBSE > Class 07 > Social Science
    • 3 answers

    Neha Sharma 4 years, 3 months ago

    Those Mughal officers who received their salarly by way of land grants (Jagir) were known as Jagirdars. Thus Jagirdars were holders of land assignments in lieu of judicial and police duties.

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    Divijaa Grover 4 years, 3 months ago

    Then who were mansabdars?

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    Gaurav Seth 4 years, 3 months ago

    a n s w e r 

    Those Mughal officers who received their salarly by way of land grants (Jagir) were known as Jagirdars. Thus Jagirdars were holders of land assignments in lieu of judicial and police duties.

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    • Posted by ?Sooraj Martin? 4 years, 3 months ago

    CBSE > Class 07 > Social Science
    • 3 answers

    Avadhut Powar 4 years, 3 months ago

    Biosphere

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    Pratham Nagwal 4 years, 3 months ago

    ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

    1Thank You

    Pratham Nagwal 4 years, 3 months ago

    Hat?????

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    PCP

    • Posted by Jisan Alam 4 years, 3 months ago

    CBSE > Class 07 > Social Science
    • 2 answers

    Shivam Kumar 4 years, 3 months ago

    Public camera protection

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    Pratham Nagwal 4 years, 3 months ago

    public camera protection

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    • Posted by Niyati Jain 4 years, 3 months ago

    CBSE > Class 07 > Social Science
    • 1 answers

    Sahil Kumar 4 years, 3 months ago

    The body of terms used with a particular application in a subject of study , profession , etc

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    • Posted by Devapriya K 4 years, 3 months ago

    CBSE > Class 07 > Social Science
    • 2 answers

    Neha Sharma 4 years, 3 months ago

    Tomara is first rular of Delhi.

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    Yogita Ingle 4 years, 3 months ago

    Ananga Pala from the Tomara dynasty of Rajputs first established his capital at Delhi.

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    • Posted by Devapriya K 4 years, 3 months ago

    CBSE > Class 07 > Social Science
    • 3 answers

    Tejaswini Punde 4 years, 3 months ago

    Crust Mantle Core

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    Chandana Chandana 4 years, 3 months ago

    What I should do

    1Thank You

    Yogita Ingle 4 years, 3 months ago

    Our Earth consists of four different layers namely:

    • Inner core:It is the center and the hottest layer of the Earth. The inner core is solid and made up of iron and nickel with temperature up to 5,500oC. Due to its immense heat energy, the inner core is more like the engine room of the Earth.
    • Outer core: The outer core of the Earth is similar to a very hot ball of metals, whose temperature is around 4000 oF to 9000oF. It is so hot that the metals inside are all in the liquid state. The outer core is located around 1800 miles under the crust and approximately 1400 miles thick. It is composed of metals such as iron and nickel. The outer core surrounds the inner core.
    • Mental: Mantle is the widest section of the Earth. Its thickness is approximately 2,900 km. Mantle is mainly made up of semi-molten rock known as magma. The rock is hard in the upper part of the mantle, but lower down the rock is softer and begins to melt.
    • Crust:

      The crust is the outer layer where we live. The thickness is around 0-60 km. It’s a solid rock layer divided into two types:

    •    Continental crust covers the land and,
    •    Oceanic crust covers water.

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    • Posted by Shravani Kanchi 4 years, 3 months ago

    CBSE > Class 07 > Social Science
    • 2 answers

    Devapriya K 4 years, 3 months ago

    The main mineral constituents of the continental mass are silica and alumina. It is thus called Sial.

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    Gaurav Seth 4 years, 3 months ago

    In geology, the term 'sial' refers to the composition of the upper layer of the Earth's crust, namely rocks rich in silicates and aluminium minerals. The outer or upper layer of the earth's crust is mostly found under the continent. Silica and aluminum are abundantly found in this layer therefore it is popularly known as SIAL. 

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    • Posted by Shagun Sharma 4 years, 3 months ago

    CBSE > Class 07 > Social Science
    • 0 answers
    ANSWER

    • Posted by Riya Prajapati 4 years, 3 months ago

    CBSE > Class 07 > Social Science
    • 1 answers

    Yogita Ingle 4 years, 3 months ago

     Inspite of several efforts made by the government inequalities still exist in our society. Even today low caste people are being discriminated against and treated unequally. The reason behind it is that people refuse to think of them as equal even though the law requires it. This attitude of the people is so deeply rooted that it can not change all of a sudden. It will take a lot of time. Even though  people are aware that discrimination is against the law, they continue to treat others unequally on the basis of caste and religion. People are also discriminated against on the basis of economic status, disability and gender.
    Unless people believe that every person deserves to be treated equally and with dignity, the present attitude cannot be rooted out. Changing people’s attitude is a very slow process and hence establishment of equality in society is a continuous struggle.

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    • Posted by Tushar Dutta 4 years, 3 months ago

    CBSE > Class 07 > Social Science
    • 2 answers

    Pratham Nagwal 4 years, 3 months ago

    ????????????????????????????????????????????

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    Alaina Maria Tomy Class Vii 4 years, 3 months ago

    Public health is one of the greatest things in which a government can invest. Early prevention, which is relatively inexpensive, can prevent dire and expensive health care problems later in life. Early in their development, both Minnesota and the United States recognized the role of the government in protecting the public's health, and each entity makes reference to this in their constitutions as part of a "general welfare" clause. Public health promotes the welfare of the entire population, ensures its security and protects it from the spread of infectious disease and environmental hazards, and helps to ensure access to safe and quality care to benefit the population. Governmental responsibilities for public health extend beyond voluntary activities and services to include additional authorities such as quarantine, mandatory immunization laws, and regulatory authorities.

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    • Posted by Salini Sahu 4 years, 3 months ago

    CBSE > Class 07 > Social Science
    • 3 answers

    Salini Sahu 3 years, 9 months ago

    Thanks

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    Devapriya K 4 years, 3 months ago

    Out patient department

    1Thank You

    Salini Sahu 4 years, 3 months ago

    Out patient department.

    2Thank You

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    • Posted by Saquib Khan 4 years, 3 months ago

    CBSE > Class 07 > Social Science
    • 4 answers

    Devapriya K 4 years, 3 months ago

    The area surrounding us are called environment

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    Salini Sahu 4 years, 3 months ago

    Environment is our basic life support system. The school building,the chairs and the class room,the open field, and the friends in your class all are a part of our needs.

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    Divijaa Grover 4 years, 3 months ago

    The area that surrounds us is called environment.

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    Yogita Ingle 4 years, 3 months ago

    Environment is our basic life support system.

    The school building, the chairs and tables of the classroom, the open field, and the friends in your class – all are a part of our environment.
    Our environment is constantly changing because of our needs.

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    • Posted by Ruchika Mathur 4 years, 3 months ago

    CBSE > Class 07 > Social Science
    • 2 answers

    Yogita Ingle 4 years, 3 months ago

    Three parties were involved in the “tripartite struggle” and fought for control over Kannauj. These three parties were the Gurjara-Pratihara, Rashtrakuta and Pala dynasties.

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    Aryan Raj 4 years, 3 months ago

    The parties involved in the tripartite struggle were Gurjar-Pratihara, Rashtrakuta and Pala dynasties. They fought for centuries for control over Kanauj.

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    • Posted by Divijaa Grover 4 years, 3 months ago

    CBSE > Class 07 > Social Science
    • 1 answers

    Alaina Maria Tomy Class Vii 4 years, 3 months ago

    Under the reign of Akbar land was divided into two categories - Khalisa and Jagir. Land revenue of Khalisa was directly for the royal treasury and Jagirs were allocated to the Jagirdars according to their rank. Mansabdars receiving cash payment were known as Naqdi. The jagirs were the assignment of revenue given to the Mansabdars and the assignees were Jagirdars.

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    • Posted by Manav Parmar 4 years, 3 months ago

    CBSE > Class 07 > Social Science
    • 3 answers

    Sarvika Prakash 4 years, 3 months ago

    Universal adult franchise means that every person above the age of 18 have the right to vote. This is important to democracy because it is based on the principle of equality. It does not discriminate on the basis of social or economic backgrounds.

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    Aryan Raj 4 years, 3 months ago

    In a democracy universal adult franchise is important because in a universal adult franchise everyone has equal right of vote. Equality is a important expect of democracy. Universal adult franchise influences equality so universal adult franchise is important in a democracy.

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    Yogita Ingle 4 years, 3 months ago

    In a democracy every citizen is equal. The concept of Universal Adult Franchise is based on equality. Therefore, it is important in a democracy. Under Universal Adult Franchise every adult irrespective of caste, creed, religion, *** etc. has the right to vote.

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    • Posted by J... Chaudhary 4 years, 3 months ago

    CBSE > Class 07 > Social Science
    • 1 answers

    Alaina Maria Tomy Class Vii 4 years, 3 months ago

    https://www.learncbse.in/ncert-solutions-for-class-7-history-social-science-chapter-3-the-delhi-sultans/ Visit This Site☝?

    1Thank You

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    • Posted by Yayashva 7A 4 years, 3 months ago

    CBSE > Class 07 > Social Science
    • 2 answers

    Rudra Patel 4 years, 3 months ago

    Mc

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    Harsh Jaiswal 4 years, 3 months ago

    *Marium-Uz-Zamani was the mother of jahangir*

    2Thank You

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    • Posted by Ansuman Sahoo 4 years, 3 months ago

    CBSE > Class 07 > Social Science
    • 1 answers

    Rudra Patel 4 years, 3 months ago

    Mc

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    • Posted by 152 Kavinaya Raja K 4 years, 3 months ago

    CBSE > Class 07 > Social Science
    • 2 answers

    Devapriya K 4 years, 3 months ago

    MLA are called as members of the legislative assembly. They then becomes members of the elected by the people. They become MLA and also form the government. In this way we say that the MLA represent people

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    Yogita Ingle 4 years, 3 months ago

    The term MLA stands for a Member of Legislative Assembly. He/She is elected through a general election and represents a particular constituency. It is not necessary for one to be a member of a political party to become a MLA. He/she can contest the election as an independent candidate also.

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