• Members of the Legislative Assembly divide their time between their constituencies and their work in the Assembly. MLAs duties will vary, depending on whether he/she is a Member of Cabinet, a Member of the Opposition, or a Government Backbencher.
• Opposition Members spend much of their time researching and asking questions in the House regarding their constituencies and critic areas. Both Opposition Members and Government Backbenchers present Petitions, Resolutions, and Private Members' Bills to the House.
• MLAs who are Ministers of the Crown (Cabinet Members) spend much of their time overseeing the operations of their assigned departments. Cabinet Ministers must be prepared to answer questions from the Opposition, put forward Government Bills, and deal with the Estimates and Annual Reports of their departments.
• MLAs also serve as Members of various committees.  Committee membership is allocated to the political parties in approximately the same proportion as their representation in the House.
• Constituents encountering problems within their division, or having problems dealing with government departments, agencies, etc. often refer to their MLA for assistance.  Much of an MLA's time is spent handling their constituents’ individual problems, answering questions and concerns, and keeping aware of the prevailing opinion of the constituency.
• MLAs keep in touch with their constituents by personal contact, by phone, in writing, through meetings, and by the two annual household mailings they are entitled to send.
• Every MLA may open an office in his or her constituency.

The Mughals were great rulers. They created a huge empire. From the latter half of the 16th century, they expanded their kingdom from Agra and Delhi, until in the 17th century they controlled nearly all the subcontinent. The Mughals were descendants of two great lineages of rulers.

The mansabdars constituted the ruling section in the imperial structure. The Mansabdars were said to be the pillars of the Mughal administration; the entire nobility, in fact belonged to mansabs; among them one or the other held a mansab. Mansabdari system was nothing but a system of nobles or mansabdars under which a mansabdar or noble was granted the rights to hold a jaguar which meant revenue assignments (not the land itself) for services rendered by them, but the authority bestowed upon them was not unbridled but with the direct control of these nobles in the hands of the king. The mansab or rank was designated by dual representation - one by personal rank (called zat) and the other by cavalry rank (called sawar). Every mansabdar was given the rank of both zat and sawar and a mansabdar was paid rupees two per horse.

Vegetation is an assemblage of plant species and the ground cover they provide. It is a general term, without specific reference to particular taxa, life forms, structure, spatial extent, or any other specific botanical or geographic characteristics. Vegetation is defined as growing plants, or a life without physical, mental or social activity. All the plants in the rain forest are an example of vegetation. A person who is brain dead is an example of someone who lives in a state of vegetation.

Medieval India is the phase of the Indian subcontinent between the ancient period and the modern period. This phase can be related to the time period between the 6th century and 16th century.

Temporary Settlement: Settlements that are occupied for a short time are temporary settlements. Examples of temporary settlements are; deep forests, hot and cold deserts, mountains. People living in such temporary settlements practice hunting, gathering, shifting cultivation and transhumance.

Permanent Settlement: In these settlements people build homes to live in. Most of the settlements these days are permanent settlements.

Writing of saints’ lives is known as hagiography.

The capital of Mirza Hakim, Akbar’s half-brother, was Kabul.

Dignity means thinking of one self and others as worthy of self-respect.

It means that every person, from the President of the country to a normal person has to obey the same laws. No person can be discriminated against on the basis of their religion, race, caste, etc. Every person has access to all public places including playgrounds, hotels, shops, and markets. All persons can use publicly available wells, roads and bathing ghats. 

Equality is the soul of democracy. We know that democracy is a form of government which gives equal importance and recognition to all. If inequalities on the basis of race, religion, caste, etc. continue to exist, democracy would never flourish. Instead, it would perish very soon.

A minor chiefly family known as the Muttaraiyar held power in the Kaveri delta. They were subordinate to the Pallava kings of Kanchipuram. Vijayalaya, who belonged to the ancient chiefly family of the Cholas from Uraiyur, captured the delta from the Muttaraiyar in the middle of the ninth century. The successors of Vijayalaya conquered neighbouring regions and the kingdom grew in size and power. Rajaraja I and Rajendra I were the most powerful Chola leaders.

The route spanning the Grand Trunk (GT) road existed during the Maurya Empire, extending from the mouth of the Ganges to the north-western frontier of the Empire. The predecessor of the modern road was rebuilt by Sher Shah Suri, who renovated and extended the ancient Mauryan route in the 16th century. The road was considerably upgraded in the British period between 1833 and 1860.

The earth is made up of several concentric layers. The main three layers of the earth are as under:

1. The crust: It is the outermost layer over the earth’s surface. It is the thinnest of all the layers and about 35 km on the continental masses and only 5 km on the ocean floors. The main minerals constituting the continental mass are – silica and alumina. The continental mass is also called ‘sial’. The main mineral constituents of the oceanic crust are –silicon and magnesium. The oceanic crust is called ‘sima’.
2. Mantle: It is the layer just beneath the crust and extends up to a depth of 2900 km below the crust.
3. The core: It is the innermost layer i.e. it is below the mantle. Its radius is about 3500 km. The core consists of outer core and inner core. It is mainly made up of – nickel and iron. The innermost layer is also called nife. The name ‘nife’ is derived from the word ‘ni’ from nickel and ‘fe’ from ferrous meaning iron. The temperature and pressure of the central core is very high.

Right to vote

Universal Adult Franchise means all citizens who are 18 years and above irrespective of their caste or education, religion, colour, race and economic conditions are free to vote. It is an essential aspect of all democracies and is based on the concept of equality.

The term mansabdar refers to an individual who holds a mansab, meaning a position or rank. It was a grading system used by the Mughals to fix (1) rank, (2) salary and (3) military responsibilities.

Om Prakash belonged to a Dalit family in a small village in Uttar Pradesh. Though untouchability had been declared against the law, the deep-rooted superstitious frame of mind had yet not been abolished in a conservative society of newly independent India. He had to constantly face discrimination and humiliation even at the hands of his teachers. He has written in his autobiography titled 'Joothan' how they were expected to live on the leftovers of others. He also mentioned that during writing a test they were not allowed to drink water from a glass. They had to cup their hands and a peon would pour water from a distance. 

If I were in his place, I would feel and constant agony due to the behavior of so-called educated society. Since I can't change others' mind, it would develop a frustration within me. Yet, like Om Prakash Valmiki, I would not let this all deter me from my studies and goal as I firmly believe if I'm doing my best, the best would I get.

Yes:

Enjoying the absolute power, the Emperor of the Mughal Empire was always the central administrative authority.

Enjoying the absolute power, the Emperor of the Mughal Empire was always the central administrative authority.To unify the vast Mughal state, Akbar established a centralised system of administration throughout his empire and adopted a policy of conciliating conquered rulers through marriage and diplomacy.