Kindly send case based questions of …

Read the source given below and answer the questions Nazi ideology was synonymous with Hitler's worldview. According to this there was no equality between people, but only a racial hierarchy. In this view blond, blue-eyed, Nordic German Aryans were at the top, while Jews were located at the lowest rung. They came to be regarded as an anti-race, the arch -enemies of the Aryans. All the other coloured people were placed in between depending upon their external features. Hitler's racism was borrowed from thinkers like Charles Darwin and Herbert Spencer. Darwin was a natural scientist who tried to explain the creation of plants and animals through the concept of evolution and natural selection. Herbert Spencer later added the idea of survival of the fittest. According to this idea, only those species survived on the earth that could adapt themselves to changing climatic conditions. We should bear in mind that Darwin never advocated human intervention in what he thought was purely a natural process of selection However, this idea was used by racist thinkers and politicians to justifyperial rule over conquered people. The nazi argument was simple: the rongest race was the finest.It had to remain its purity, become stronger and ominate the world. 5.1 According to Nazi ideology, which race was the finest? 5.2 Who was Charles Darwin? 5.3 Who came to be regarded as the arch-enemies of the Aryans? 5.4 What was Nazi ideology?

n Pakistan, General Pervez Musharraf led a military coup in October 1999. He overthrew a democratically elected government and declared himself the 'Chief Executive' of the country. Later he changed his designation to President and in 2002 held a referendum in the country that granted him a five-year extension. Pakistani media, human rights organizations and democracy activists said that the referendum was based on malpractices and fraud. In August 2002 he issued a 'Legal Framework Order' that amended the Constitution of Pakistan. According to this Order, the President can dismiss the national and provincial assemblies. The work of the civilian cabinet is supervised by a National Security Council which is dominated by military officers. After passing this law, elections were held to the national and provincial assemblies. So Pakistan has had elections, elected representatives have some powers. But the final power rested with military officers and General Musharraf himself. Clearly, there are many reasons why Pakistan under General Musharraf should not be called a democracy. People may have elected their representatives to the national and provincial assemblies but those elected representatives were not really the rulers. They cannot take the final decisions. The power to make the final decision rested with army officials and with General Musharraf, and none of them were elected by the people. This happens in many dictatorships and monarchies. They formally have an elected parliament and government but the real power is with those who are not elected. In a few countries, the real power was with some external powers and not with locally elected representatives. This cannot be called people's rule. 36.1 Who said that the referendum was based on malpractices? 36.2 In Pakistan who led a military coup in October 1999? 36.3 What was the Legal Framework Order? 36.4 Why Pakistan under General Musharraf should not be called a democracy?

35. Read the source given below and answer the questions Nazi ideology was synonymous with Hitler's worldview. According to this there was no equality between people, but only a racial hierarchy. In this view blond, blue-eyed, Nordic German Aryans were at the top, while Jews were located at the lowest rung. They came to be regarded as an anti-race, the arch -enemies of the Aryans. All the other coloured people were placed in between depending upon their external features. Hitler's racism was borrowed from thinkers like Charles Darwin and Herbert Spencer. Darwin was a natural scientist who tried to explain the creation of plants and animals through the concept of evolution and natural selection. Herbert Spencer later added the idea of survival of the fittest. According to this idea, only those species survived on the earth that could adapt themselves to changing climatic conditions. We should bear in mind that Darwin never advocated human intervention in what he thought was purely a natural process of selection However, this idea was used by racist thinkers and politicians to justifyperial rule over conquered people. The nazi argument was simple: the rongest race was the finest.It had to remain its purity, become stronger and ominate the world. 5.1 According to Nazi ideology, which race was the finest? 5.2 Who was Charles Darwin? 5.3 Who came to be regarded as the arch-enemies of the Aryans? 5.4 What was Nazi ideology?

34. Read the source given below and answer the questions In April 1917, the Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin returned to Russia from his exile. He and the Bolsheviks had opposed the war since 1914. Now he felt it was time for the Soviets to take over power. He declared that the war be brought to a closer, land be transferred to the peasants, and banks be nationalized. These three demands were Lenin's "April Theses". He also argued that the Bolshevik Party renamed itself the Communist Party to indicate its new radical aims. Most others in the Bolshevik party were initially surprised by the April Theses. They thought that the time was not yet ripe for a socialist revolution and the Provisional Government needed to be supported. But the developments of the subsequent months changed their attitude. 34.1 Which war was opposed by the Bolshevik Party? 34.2 Which party renamed itself as Communist party? 34.3 Who was the leader of the Bolshevik Party? 34.4 What was April Theses?