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Communication is the nerve system of an organisation. It is generally observed that managers face several problems due to communication breakdowns or barriers.
The various types of Barriers to effective communication are: 

1. Semantic Barriers: It is the branch of linguistics dealing with the meaning of words and sentences. These are the barriers concerned with the wrong encoding and decoding of messages. The following are the semantic barriers: 
   1. Badly Expressed Message
   2. Words or Symbols with Different Meanings
   3. Faulty Translations
   4. Unclarified assumptions
   5. Technical jargons
2. Psychological Barriers: Emotional or psychological factors act as barriers to communicators. It is concerned with the state of mind of the sender as well as the receiver. e.g. A worried person cannot communicate properly and an angry receiver cannot understand the meaning of the message. The following are the psychological barriers:
   1. Premature evaluation
   2. Lack of attention
   3. Distrust
   4. Loss by Transmission and poor retention
3. Organizational Barriers: The factors related to organization structure, authority, relationships, rules, and regulations may, sometimes, act as barriers to effective communication. Some of the organizational barriers are:
   1. Organizational policy and complexity in organisational structure
   2. Rules and Regulations
   3. Status
   4. Organisational facility
4. Personal Barriers: The personal factors of both the sender and receiver may exert influence on effective communication. Some of the personal barriers are:
   1. Fear of challenge to authority
   2. Lack of confidence of superior on his subordinate
   3. Unwillingness to communicate
   4. Lack of proper incentive

      Measures for Improving the Effectiveness of Communication are:

1. Clarifying the ideas before communication: The entire message should be studied in-depth, analyzed and stated in such a manner that it is clearly conveyed to subordinates.
2. Communicate according to the needs of the receiver: A sender should adjust his communication according to the education and intelligence of the receiver.
3. Consult others before communicating: Before actually communicating the message, it is better to involve others in developing a plan for communication.
4. Be aware of language, tone, and content of the message:
   1. The content of the message, tone, language used, the manner in which the message is to be communicated, are the important aspects of effective communication.
   2. The language used should be clear, simple, easily understandable to the receiver and should not offend the sentiments of listeners. The message should be stimulating to evoke a response from the listeners.