How our heart pumps blood . …

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The primary responsibility of the heart is to pump blood throughout the circulatory system. As the center of the circulatory system, the heart is an essential organ for maintaining the overall functioning of the body. The cardiovascular system consists of many veins and blood vessels which ensure that all parts of the body are provided with an adequate amount of oxygen and nutrients to function efficiently.  Without a sufficient supply of oxygen, any bodily function would fail, causing organ damage or organ death.  Components of the heart Fully understanding the heart’s vital function in the body entails the need to first understand its anatomy. As a busy and hardworking organ, the heart needs to closely monitor all of its components to ensure proper functioning. Even a minor cardiac dysfunction may result in significant functional challenges in the total body function of an affected individual. Located at the center of the chest and in the thoracic cavity, the heart can be divided into four parts that are otherwise known as chambers, each of which contains several valves. Two of these chambers, which are called atria, are located in the upper portion of the heart and receive oxygen-free blood. The valves that separate these chambers are called atrioventricular valves, which are composed of the tricuspid valve on the left and the mitral valve on the right.  Image Credit: Olga Bolbot / Shutterstock.com Meanwhile, ventricles, which are the chambers found in the lower portion of the heart, pump oxygen-enriched blood into the body. Similar to the atria, the ventricular chambers are also separated by valves called semilunar valves. These valves may be further divided into the pulmonary and aortic valves. The heart is also composed of a protective layer that has three parts, which include the outer layer known as the epicardium, the middle layer known as the myocardium, and the innermost layer known as the endocardium. Both the outer and inner layers of the heart are thin; whereas the middle layer, makes up most of the heart and is comrpised of cardiac muscle fibers.