Briefly describe the Urban planning of …

Urban planning of Harappan civilisation was of top quality. Cities were developed according to a proper plan. Streets and roads were wide enough and all roads bisected each other at right angles. People lived in houses ?of baked bricks ?. Length, breadth and height of bricks ? were of a standardised ratio. Rural class lived in citadel of towns and general masses lived in lower towns. There were provisions of windows and doors? in houses?. Every house? had a courtyard, bathroom ?, kitchen and stairs to reach a second storey or the roof. There were two ✌storey or triple storied houses?. People used to make large buildings?. One great bath has also been found at Mohenjodaro which could have been used for some kind of special ritual bath. It was 11.88 metres in length, 7.01 metres in breadth and 2.43 metres in depth. Largest building ? of town was the warehouses with the dimension of 45.71m×15.23m. Six 6⃣ warehouses have been found at Harappa. Harappan cities had the carefully planned drainage system. Drainage system was properly made which was covered with bricks?. These bricks ? could have been removed at the time of cleaning. Domestic waste water had to flow into the streets drains. Every house? needed to have at least one wall along the street.

Planned City: Harappa as a planned urban centre. It had two parts. One part of the city was small. It was built on a higher place.The second part was comparatively large. It was built on a lower place. The first part was designed as citadel and the second part was as lower town. The citadel owed its height to the fact that it was built on mud brick platforms. It had walls on all sides and these walls were separated from the lower town. Lower Town: It was also a walled town. Most of the buildings were built on platforms. In fact, these platforms were considered as foundation stones. It required huge quantity of labour force to build these platforms. It is obvious that settlement was first planned and then implemented as per the building plan. Quality of sun-dried bricks or baked bricks also prove the concept of planning. All the bricks were of standard ratio. The length and width was four times and twice the height of the bricks respectively. These bricks were used in the settlements of the Harappan Civilisation. Drainage System: The drainage system was well planned. All the roads and streets were laid out on a grid pattern. They intersected one another at the right angles. It seems that streets featuring drains were laid out first and houses were built thereafter along with them. To make the flow of domestic water, every house had at least one wall along the street. The Citadel: There were many buildings in the citadel. These buildings were used for many special public purposes. The Warehouse and the Great Bath were the two most important constructions.

1) The settlements of Harappan cities was devided in to Citadel and Lower city. 2)Citadel was high because it was build at raw soil platform. Those building which was build at citadel had used for special objective. 3) For example Great Granary (That's lower part was build by bricks)and its upper part destroyed perhaps it will be made up of soil. 4) Great Bath ( It was the rectangular water reservoir build in Courtyard .It was surrounded with corridor. It is used for Ritual purpose.