Explain in detail the unification of …

The unification of Italy is the result of dedication, contribution and effort of three great leaders Mazzini, Cavour and Garibaldi. During 1830s, Giuseppe Mazzini had tried to unite Italy. He formed the secret society called Young Italy.  But both the uprising in 1831 and 1848 failed. Even the ruling elites also wanted a unified Italy which would offer economic development and political dominance. The unification of Italy was a result of many wars. Chief Minister Cavour made a tactful diplomatic alliance with France and Sardinia-Piedmont succeeded in defeating the Austrian forces in 1859. A large number of armed volunteers under the leadership of Giuseppe Garibaldi joined the unification movement. In 1860, they marched into South Italy and the Kingdom of the Two Sicily succeeded to drive out the Spanish rulers with the help of local people. In 1861, Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed as king of United Italy.

(i) Italians were scattered over several dynastic states (ii) Sardinia-Piedmont was ruled by an Italian princely house. (iii) Italy was unified in 1861 and Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed King of United Italy. (iv) Giuseppe Mazzini had sought to put together a programme for a unitary Italian Republic. (v) The unification of Italy was a result of many wars. Through a tactful diplomatic alliance with France by Chief Minister Cavour. (vi) Garibaldi joined the fray