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●A photodiode is a PN-junction diode that consumes light energy to produce an electric current. They are also called a photo-detector, a light detector, and a photo-sensor. Photodiodes are designed to work in reverse bias condition. Typical photodiode materials are Silicon, Germanium and Indium gallium arsenide. ●A photodiode is subjected to photons in the form of light which affects the generation of electron-hole pairs. If the energy of the falling photons (hv) is greater than the energy gap (Eg) of the semiconductor material, electron-hole pairs are created near the depletion region of the diode. The electron-hole pairs created are separated from each other before recombining due to the electric field of the junction. The direction of the electric field in the diode forces the electrons to move towards the n – side and consequently the holes move towards the p-side. As a result of the increase in the number of electrons on the n – side and holes on the p-side, a rise in the electromotive force are observed. Now when an external load is connected to the system, a current flow is observed through it. The more the electromotive force created, the greater is the current flow. The magnitude of the electromotive force created depends directly upon the intensity of the incident light. This effect of the proportional change in photocurrent with the change in light intensity can be easily observed by applying a reverse bias. Since photodiodes generate current flow directly depending upon the light intensity received, they can be used as photodetectors to detect optical signals. Built-in lenses and optical filters may be used to enhance the power and productivity of a photodiode.

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It is a device that converts light into current. It is made up of sillicon.