. Why is sustainable development essential …

Sustainability can be defined as the practice of maintaining world processes of productivity indefinitely—natural or human-made—by replacing resources used with resources of equal or greater value without degrading or endangering natural biotic systems.[9] Sustainable development ties together concern for the carrying capacity ofnatural systems with the social, political, and economic challenges faced by humanity.Sustainability Science is the study of the concepts of sustainable development and environmental science. There is an additional focus on the present generations' responsibility to regenerate, maintain and improve planetary resources for use by future generations.[10]:3–8 Sustainable development has its roots in ideas about sustainable forest managementwhich were developed in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries.[11][8]:6–16 In response to a growing awareness of the depletion of timber resources in England, John Evelynargued that "sowing and planting of trees had to be regarded as a national duty of every landowner, in order to stop the destructiveover- exploitation of natural resources" in his 1662 essay Sylva. In 1713 Hans Carl von Carlowitz, a senior mining administrator in the service of Elector Frederick Augustus I of Saxony published Sylvicultura economics, a 400-page work on forestry. Building upon the ideas of Evelyn and French minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert, von Carlowitz developed the concept of managing forests for sustained yield.[11] His work influenced others, includingAlexander von Humboldt and Georg Ludwig Hartig, eventually leading to the development of a science of forestry. This, in turn, influenced people like Gifford Pinchot, the first head of the US Forest Service, whose approach to forest management was driven by the idea of wise use of resources, and Aldo Leopold whose land ethic was influential in the development of the environmental movement in the 1960s.[11][8] Following the publication of Rachel Carson'sSilent Spring in 1962, the developing environmental movement drew attention to the relationship between economic growth and development and environmental degradation. Kenneth E. Boulding in his influential 1966 essay The Economics of the Coming Spaceship Earth identified the need for the economic system to fit itself to the ecological system with its limited pools of resources.[8] Another milestone was the 1968 article by Garrett Hardin that popularized the term "tragedy of the commons".[12] One of the first uses of the term sustainable in the contemporary sense was by the Club of Romein 1972 in its classic report on the Limits to Growth, written by a group of scientists led byDennis and Donella Meadows of theMassachusetts Institute of Technology. Describing the desirable "state of global equilibrium", the authors wrote: "We are searching for a model output that represents a world system that is sustainable without sudden and uncontrolled collapse and capable of satisfying the basic material requirements of all of its people."[10] That year also saw the publication of the influential A Blueprint for Survival book.[13][14] Following the Club of Rome report, an MITresearch group prepared ten days of hearings on "Growth and Its Implication for the Future" (Roundtable Press, 1973)[15] for the US Congress, the first hearings ever held on sustainable development. William Flynn Martin, David Dodson Gray, and Elizabeth Gray prepared the hearings under the Chairmanship of Congressman John Dingell.[16] In 1980 the International Union for the Conservation of Nature published a world conservation strategy that included one of the first references to sustainable development as a global priority[17] and introduced the term "sustainable development".[18]:4 Two years later, the United Nations World Charter for Nature raised five principles of conservationby which human conduct affecting nature is to be guided and judged.[19] In 1987 the United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development released the report Our Common Future, commonly called the Brundtland Report. The report included what is now one of the most widely recognised definitions of sustainable development

Sustainable development is the prudent and judicious use of resources in such a way that even future generations are able to use it.

Sustainable development is essential for economic development as we have limited quantity of resources. Firstly, the development and growth of the country will be hampered if the present limited resources are totally exhausted.

Secondly, the exhaustion of natural resources will endanger the lives of humans and many species if we do not follow the principle of sustainable development. For example, if water is overutilised and wasted, then it will not be replenished by the rains. We need to keep the stock of natural resources for future use too.