1.What is difference between prodential and …

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Power-sharing is desirable due to the following reasons

• It helps to reduce the possibility of conflict and clashes between social groups.
• Secondly, a democratic rule involves sharing power with those affected by its exercise, and who have to live with its effects.
• People will have a right to be consulted on how they are to be governed and can change the power in the next upcoming years.

Forms of power-sharing

There are different forms of power-sharing in modern democracies which are listed below

• Horizontal distribution of power – Power is shared among different organs of government, such as the legislature, executive and judiciary. Example – India This distribution ensures that none of the organs can exercise and utilise unlimited power. Each and every organ keeps an eye on the others. This system of arrangement is called a system of checks and balances.
• The federal division of power – Power can be shared among governments at different levels. A general central government for the entire country and governments at the provincial or state and regional level. Example – India Union Government that is central government & State Government.
• Community government – Power can also be shared among different socially active groups such as the religious and linguistic groups. Example – Belgium
• Power-sharing between political parties, pressure groups and movements – This kind of power-sharing competition ensures that power does not remain in one single hand. For longer duration, power is shared among different political parties that represent different ideologies and social groups.

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Prudential Reasons

(1) Prudential reasons are based on careful calculation of gains and losses.

(2) These reasons help to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups.

(3) Reservation of constituencies for minorities and women in India is a prudential reason.

Moral reasons

(1) Moral reasons are based purely on moral considerations.

(2) These reasons are considered as the basic spirit of democracy.

(iii) Decentralisation of power in India is an example of moral reason.