Compare the policies and methods used …

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Compare the policies and methods used by Otto von Bismarck and Sardar Vallabh bhai Patel in unification of Germany and integration of States of India respectively: CONTENT: • CONDITION OF GERMANY BEFORE 1871(UNIFICATION) • CONDITION OF INDIA IMMEDIATELY AFTER 1947 • WHY THE NEED FOR UNIFICATION IN BOTH PLACES ? • EMERGENCE OF BISMARCK AND SADAR PATEL,THEIR BRIEF LIFE STORY • THEIR ROLE IN UNIFICATIN AND INTIGRATION • SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE METHODS ADOPTED BY TWO LEADERS • HOW DID THE UNIFICATION AFFECT THE GROWTH OF THE RESPECTIVE COUNTRIES. Condition of Germany before unification: • Before its unification in 1871, Germany was not a nation; it was only a collection of about 300 states. • Prussia was the only German state that could match the power and influence of the Austrian Empire. • Nationalist feelings were widespread among middle-class Germans, who in 1848 tried to unite the different regions of the German confederation into a nation-state governed by an elected parliament. • Otto Von Bismarck played a prominent role in the unification of the German states. The condition of India after 1947 can be explained as follows :- • After the partition India had number of social problems such as religious and caste differences. It appeared difficult to accomodate such diverse people in a single country. • India was a poor country with a major chunk of population illiterate. • Life expectancy was extremely low at 37 years. • Many people lived under poverty. Especially in rural India where the only source of income was agriculture. Also. the health conditions and facilities were pretty dismal. WHY THE NEED FOR UNIFICATION IN BOTH PLACES ? The need for Unification of Germany and India can be attributed to the following reasons: a. To develop a sense of common collective identity among the people. b. To bring together politically fragmented units together under one constitution. c. To give right to self determination to its people. d. To establish a sovereign independent nation state. e. To give a sense of belonging to its people. EMERGENCE OF BISMARCK AND SADAR PATEL,THEIR BRIEF LIFE STORY Otto Von Bismarck • Otto Von Bismarck is known as the founder of German Empire. • He served as Prime Minister of Prussia from 1862 to 1873. • He was also the first chancellor of Germany from 1871 to 1890. • He believed that politics should be based on the needs of the State. • He took dominance of Germany through new slogan like “blood and iron” as his peaceful attempts was a failure. • He raised his army into colonies of Holstein and Schleswig in a war with Austria. • He believed that Prussia would gain control over German states that were under Austrian rule only by means of war. • He also wanted to eliminate French influence from the country. • A constitution with two house legislature was set up for the new country called Second Reich. • After unification of Germany through Bismarck, Germany became the industrial giant. • Chemical and Electrical industries developed in Germany. • Germany’s iron and coal, mineral reserves helped in the growth of German economy. Sardar Vallabai Patel • Sardar Vallabai Patel was known as the Iron man of India • He was impressed by Gandhiji principles and followed non – violence techniques in reuniting India. • He became a barrister and returned to India in 1913. • With great political foresight, he united the small kingdoms like Nizam etc. • He persuaded the rulers of princely states to unite and aim for the independence of India and also akhand bharat. • Through untiring efforts he worked towards the unity of India by non – violence. • Hence, due to the achievement of this hard task, Sardar Patel was given the title Iron Man of India. • Thus, he came to be respected as the prestigious leader in the world through his unique unification methods without any bloodshed. THEIR ROLE IN UNIFICATIN AND INTIGRATION: The role of Bismarck:- • Otto von Bismarck and Prussian king, Wilhelm I are involved in unification of Germany. • Otto Von Bismarck was the Prussian Chancellor. His main goal was to further strengthen the position of Prussia in Europe. Bismarck had a number of primary aims: 1. to unify the north German states under Prussian control 2. to weaken Prussia's main rival, Austria, by removing it from the German Federation 3. to make Berlin, not Vienna, the centre of German affairs 4. to strengthen the position of the King of Prussia, Wilhelm I, countering the demands for reform from the Liberals in the Prussian Reichstag Role of sadar patel in unification • Patel played a crucial role in persuading as many as 565 princely states to accede to the union of India after independence. • Patel oversaw the accession of 565 princely states into the Indian union, thereby blocking splitting of a country into miniature nations • "Through the spring of 1947, Patel threw a series of lunch parties, where he urged his princely guests to help the Congress in framing a new constitution of India. • Initial framework for persuading the princes to join, it was his alert and intelligent secretary, V.P. Menon, who did the groundwork of coaxing them. • On September 13, 1947 Sardar Patel ordered the Indian army to take over Hyderabad. • It took less than four days for Indian troops to take control of the princely state. SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE METHODS ADOPTED BY TWO LEADERS: Similarities between Sardar Vallabai Patel and Bismarck • Both were great leaders • Both worked for the unification of their respective countries, India and Germany Both of them consolidated the disintegrated states in their countries. • Bismark used political tactics and a famous policy called "Blood And Iron Policy". • On the other hand Patel used this Bismarks policy in the unification of Hyderabad and also used many tactics to unify Junagadh such as holding a plebisite. HOW DID THE UNIFICATION AFFECT THE GROWTH OF THE RESPECTIVE COUNTRIES: • they felt solely a unified Germany will increase the expansion of their economy. • lt was believed that growth of economy and trade are often developed solely through unification of states. • It help to make unity among people's. • People are able to follow constitutions rule and it also give all rights to the people . • Now people can do any work without paying taxes or dues. • People can now able to protest against goverment if any wrong things happens.

 

• The Kheda campaign (1918) was a success and through a village-by-village tour, Patel and his associated compelled the peasants to refuse to pay taxes until the government met their demands. Patel raised an army of volunteers who helped the villagers in this work. This revolt directed a lot of sympathy towards the farmers’ plight. The government agreed to talk with Patel and also suspended taxes for a year. Patel emerged as a hero of the people.
• After this in 1920, he was elected the president of the Gujarat Pradesh Congress Committee. He remained in that position till 1945.
• When Gandhi announced the non-cooperation movement in 1920, Patel supported him and worked tirelessly organising it. It was then that he discarded his European garb and adopted Khadi. Patel was one leader who supported Gandhi when he suspended the movement in the wake of the Chauri Chaura Happened on February 5th, 1922) incident.
• Another major campaign led by Patel was the Bardoli Satyagraha in 1928. Here again, he asked farmers to refuse to pay taxes in the wake of floods and famines in the area, and a steep hike in taxes by the government. After the success of this campaign, the title ‘Sardar’ was bestowed on him by his colleagues.
• Patel was arrested during the Dandi Salt March (1930). After his release following the Gandhi-Irwin Pact, he was elected the President of the INC in its Karachi session in 1931. He was again arrested in 1932.
• He became a central figure in the Congress Party and was its chief fundraiser and organiser especially in selecting candidates for the central and provincial assemblies. He believed in instilling discipline among the party members and did not want people to be distracted from the larger goal which was independence from British rule.
• He supported the Quit India Movement and inspired people to fight by an emotional speech made on 7 August 1942. He was arrested along with all prominent national leaders and released only in June 1945.
• Partition of the country seemed inevitable and even though Patel was against it, he understood that it was needed at that time as the Congress and the Muslim League could not see eye to eye on that issue. It was also needed to stem the tide of communal hatred and violence that was seeping throughout the country. At the Congress meeting set to vote on the proposal, he said, “I fully appreciate the fears of our brothers from [the Muslim-majority areas]. Nobody likes the division of India and my heart is heavy. But the choice is between one division and many divisions. We must face facts. We cannot give way to emotionalism and sentimentality….Whether we like it or not, de facto Pakistan already exists in the Punjab and Bengal. Under the circumstances, I would prefer a de jure Pakistan, which may make the League more responsible. Freedom is coming. We have 75 to 80 percent of India, which we can make strong with our own genius. The League can develop the rest of the country.”
• Patel represented India on the Partition Council where the division of public assets between the two new nations was overseen.
• After the unimaginable horrors of the violence during partition, Patel set about organising relief work and refugee camps. He called the South Indian regiments of the Indian Army to restore order in the affected areas knowing well that the police force of Punjab and Delhi, who were too close to the tragedy, could not be relied upon.
• Patel is revered in India not only for his role as a freedom fighter but also for his role in unifying the country after independence. India was politically composed of British Indian provinces and the princely states which numbered more than 600.
• Patel is considered as the Bismarck of India with regard to his stellar contribution to the political integration of the country. When the Nawab of Junagadh acceded to Pakistan despite having an 80% Hindu population, Patel sent the army there. With a combination of military and political tactics, the princely state was merged with India. Hyderabad also, with a similar situation (Hindu majority with a Muslim ruler) followed the Junagadh way. The Indian army, on the orders of Patel, invaded Hyderabad in 1948 and secured its union with India.
• Patel was in charge of the Provincial Constitution Committee and the Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights, Minorities and Tribal and Excluded Areas, in the Constituent Assembly of India.
• For his role in setting up the modern civil services of India, he is also referred to as the ‘patron saint’ of the civil services. He famously called the services the ‘steel frame’ of the country’s government machinery.
• Sardar Patel died in Bombay of a massive heart attack on 15 December 1950 aged 75.
• He was awarded the Bharat Ratna posthumously in 1991. His birth anniversary is observed as Rashtriya Ekta Diwas (National Unity Day) since 2014.

• Otto von bismark is a conservative prussian statesman who dominated european and german affairs .
• His name was otto eduard leopold ,prince of bismark
• He was the first chancelor of the german empire
• Sardar vallabhbhai also known as patel sardar was the first indian deputy prime minister