Monocular cues of depth perception are effective when the objects are viewed with only one eye. These cues are often used by artists to induce depth in two dimensional paintings. Hence, they are also known as pictorial cues.
Role of binocular cues in the perception of depth: Some important cues to depth perception in three dimenstional space provided by binocular cues (both eyes). Some of them are as follows:
(i) Retinal or Binocular Disparity: Retinal disparity occurs because the two eyes have different locations in the head. They are separated from each other horizontally by a distance of about 6.5 centimeters. Because of this distance, the image formed on the retina of each eye of the same object is slightly different. This difference between the two images is called retinal disparity. The brain interprets a large retinal disparity to mean a close object and a small retinal disparity to mean a distant object, as a disparity is less for distant objects and more for the near objects.
(ii) Convergence: When we see a nearby object our eyes converge inward in order to bring the image on the fovea of each eye. A group of muscles send messages to the brain regarding the degree to which eyes are turning inward, and these messages are interpreted as cues to the perception of depth. The degree of convergence decreases as the object moves further away from the observer. One can experience convergence by holding a finger in front of his nose and slowly bringing it closer. The more his eyes turn inward or converge, the nearer the object appears in space.
(iii) Accommodation: Accommodation refers to a process by which we focus the image on the retina with the help of ciliary muscles. These muscles change the thickness of the lens of the eye. If the object gets away (more than 2 meters), the muscle is relaxed. As the object moves nearer, the muscle contracts and the thickness of the lens increases. The signal about the degree of contraction of the muscle is sent to the brain, which provides the cue for distance.
Gaurav Seth 3 years, 6 months ago
Monocular cues of depth perception are effective when the objects are viewed with only one eye. These cues are often used by artists to induce depth in two dimensional paintings. Hence, they are also known as pictorial cues.
Role of binocular cues in the perception of depth: Some important cues to depth perception in three dimenstional space provided by binocular cues (both eyes). Some of them are as follows:
(i) Retinal or Binocular Disparity: Retinal disparity occurs because the two eyes have different locations in the head. They are separated from each other horizontally by a distance of about 6.5 centimeters. Because of this distance, the image formed on the retina of each eye of the same object is slightly different. This difference between the two images is called retinal disparity. The brain interprets a large retinal disparity to mean a close object and a small retinal disparity to mean a distant object, as a disparity is less for distant objects and more for the near objects.
(ii) Convergence: When we see a nearby object our eyes converge inward in order to bring the image on the fovea of each eye. A group of muscles send messages to the brain regarding the degree to which eyes are turning inward, and these messages are interpreted as cues to the perception of depth. The degree of convergence decreases as the object moves further away from the observer. One can experience convergence by holding a finger in front of his nose and slowly bringing it closer. The more his eyes turn inward or converge, the nearer the object appears in space.
(iii) Accommodation: Accommodation refers to a process by which we focus the image on the retina with the help of ciliary muscles. These muscles change the thickness of the lens of the eye. If the object gets away (more than 2 meters), the muscle is relaxed. As the object moves nearer, the muscle contracts and the thickness of the lens increases. The signal about the degree of contraction of the muscle is sent to the brain, which provides the cue for distance.
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