Transportation in plants notes.... Please answer …

TRANSPORTATION IN PLANTS Soil is the natural and richest source of raw material for plants. Raw materials like nitrogen, phosphorous and other minerals are absorbed by plants from soil by roots. Plants absorb water and minerals from soil by roots and transport to the leaves. As the distance between roots and leaves is large, diffusion is not sufficient to provide raw materials to leaves and energy to roots. Plants use slow transport system but large as required in tall plants to transport energy from leaves and raw materials form roots. A group of special cells forming vascular tissue transport water and nutrients to all the cells of the plants. Two types of vascular tissues are xylem and phloem. Xylem transports water and minerals obtained from the soil. Phloem transports products of photosynthesis from the leaves to other parts of the plant. Fig.Xylem and phloem   Vessels, tracheids of the roots, stems and leaves are connected to form a continuous system in xylem cells to transport water to all the parts of the plants. Cells in the roots which are in contact with the soil take up ions which creates a difference of concentration between the roots and the soil and therefore water moves to the roots to eliminate the difference. Water is moved into xylem of roots and from where it is pushed upward. Plants use different mechanisms to pull water upwards through xylem like- Water which is lost through stomata is replaced by water absorbed by the roots. Evaporation of water from leaf creates a suction force which pulls water. The loss of water in the form of water vapor is called Importance of transpiration- Regulates temperature. Helps in absorption of water and upward movement of water and minerals. When stomata are open during the day, large amount of water is lost and thus upward movement of water also becomes more. Phloem transports soluble products of photosynthesis, amino acids, and other substances. The transport of soluble products of photosynthesis is called translocation. The substances are transported to the storage organs of roots, fruits and seeds. The translocation takes place in the sieve tubes with the help of adjacent companion cells. The movement of substances is bidirectional i.e both upward and downward. Energy from ATP is utilized for translocation. Fig. movement of water and nutrients upward and products of photosynthesis both upward and downward   Materials like sucrose move to phloem using energy, increasing the osmotic pressure of the tissue causing water to move and materials in the phloem to tissues according to the plant’s needs. Example- when the buds grow these need energy and sugar stored in the root or stem would be transported to the buds as sugar is an energy giving molecule.

Soil is the natural and richest source of raw material for plants.

Raw materials like nitrogen, phosphorous and other minerals are absorbed by plants from soil by roots.

Plants absorb water and minerals from soil by roots and transport to the leaves.

As the distance between roots and leaves is large, diffusion is not sufficient to provide raw materials to leaves and energy to roots.

Plants use slow transport system but large as required in tall plants to transport energy from leaves and raw materials form roots.

A group of special cells forming vascular tissue transport water and nutrients to all the cells of the plants.

Two types of vascular tissues are xylem and phloem.

Xylem transports water and minerals obtained from the soil.

Phloem transports products of photosynthesis from the leaves to other parts of the plant.

Vessels, tracheids of the roots, stems and leaves are connected to form a continuous system in xylem cells to transport water to all the parts of the plants.

Cells in the roots which are in contact with the soil take up ions which creates a difference of concentration between the roots and the soil and therefore water moves to the roots to eliminate the difference.

Water is moved into xylem of roots and from where it is pushed upward.