Explain how a socialist society established …

Making of socialist society is described below:

(i)During the civil war, the Bolsheviks kept industries and banks nationalised. They permitted peasants to cultivate the land that had been socialised.

(ii)Bolsheviks used confiscated land to demonstrate what collective work could be. A process of centralised planning was introduced. Officials assessed how the economy could work and set targets for a five-year period.

(iii)On this basis they made the Five Year Plans. The government fixed all prices to promote industrial growth during the first two ‘Plans’ (1927-1932 and 1933-1938). Centralised planning led to economic growth. Industrial production increased (between 1929 and 1933 by 100 per cent in the case of oil, coal and steel). New factory cities came into being.

(iv)An extended schooling system developed, and arrangements were made for factory workers and peasants to enter universities.

(v)Crèches were established in factories for the children of women. Cheap public health care was provided. Model living quarters were set up for workers.