of scum when hard water is …

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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 2 months ago
When a soap is used in hard water, a solid substance we call scum forms. This is because charged calcium and magnesium particles (called ions ) present in the water react with soap to form an insoluble substance. Only when all the calcium ions have been precipitated out as scum will the water lather. Thus the volume of soap solution measures the amount of hardness. Permanently hard water contains calcium or magnesium salts other than the hydrogen carbonates.
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