How did the nationalism and the …

(i) Nationalism and the idea of the nation state emerged within the culturally and regionally diverse groups of Europe. 

(ii) Due to industrialisation and transformation of society, there emerged a middle-class consisting of businessmen, working professionals, industrialists, labourers and working class people. 

(iii) Industrialisation began in England in second half of the 18th century but in France and German states it occurred only during 19th century. In its wake, new social groups came into being. 

(iv) Out of these, the educated middle-class people thought of uniting the culturally compatible sections of people in Europe by abolishing the privileges enjoyed by the aristocracy. 

(v) It was among the educated liberal middle class that ideas of national unity and abolition of aristocratic privileges gained popularity. 

(vi) This led to nationalism and emergence of idea of the nation-state.