why have to fundamental duties been …

The duty means the positive or negative work that a person has to do, he/she may be willing for that or not. The Fundamental duties are those duties which are essential for every citizens for his own progress, for the progress of the society and for the well being of the nation.
The causes for the inclusion of the list of fundamental duties in the Constitution:
1. Fundamental Duties are non-controversial in nature: Politicians of different views agree on the utility and importance of Fundamental Duties. They are in the best interest of the country and awaken patriotism among the citizens.
2. The Fundamental Duties are the idealsand the guidelines for the individual: These are ideals in nature and lead the citizen in the right direction. The environment of selfishism is rampant in the country. There is no balance between the interests of the society and the individual. This tendency is harmful to the society. Fundamental Duties would serve as an ideal behaviour to all of them.

3. The Fundamental Duties will create Consciousness among the people: The fulfilment of the fundamental duties are voluntary and not compulsory. They will slowly awake the consciousness of the people to do their duties. The late Prime Minister Indira Gandhi said in the Parliament,