Explain different types asexual reproduction with …

Satyam

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Asexual Reproduction is extremely useful as a mean of rapid multiplication. It is common in lower plants and animals. MODES OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION : the mode depends on the body design of the organism. 1. FISSION:The parent cell divides/splits into two daughter cell-Binary Fission; splits into many cells-multiple Fission.   FISSION Binary Fission The parents cell divides into two equal halves Equal halves (daughter cells) E.g. Amoeba follows transverse binary fission,i.e. fissin in any plane. ->Leishmania has a whip-like structure at one end and binary fission occurs in a definite orientation. Multiple Fission The parent cell divides into many daughter cell simultaneously. Eg. Plasmodium  the process where nucleus lengthens is NUCLEOKINESIS and where the cytoplasm lenghthens is CYTOKINESIS. 2. BUDDING: A bud develops as an outgrowth on parent body due to repeated cell division at a specific site. These buds detach from the parent body when they mature. E.g. Hydra, yeast.  3. SPORE FORMATION : Spores which are present in sporangia, are small, bulb like structure which are covered by thick walls that protect them until they come in contact with suitable condition. Under favourable conditions, they germinate and produce new Rhizopus indiviual.  4. FRAGMENTATION : It takes place in multicellular organism with simple body organisation. It is the accidental process when the brokenpieces of an organism (fragments) grows into a complete organism.  5. REGENERATION : When the simple animals like Hydra ,Planaria develop a new individual from their broken older part it is known as regeneration. It is carried out by specialised cells which divide and differentiate to form the complete individual. These cells multiply and from this mass of cells other parts are generated. Regeneration follows an organised sequence referred to as DEVELOPMENT.  Vegetative Propagation A mode of reproduction in which reproduction takes place from the vegetative parts like the stem, root, leaves. Methods of Vegetative Propagation Natural 1. By Roots : E.g. adventitious roots of Dahlias 2. By Stems : E.g. Potato (tuber), ginger (rhizome) 3. By Leaves :E.g. leaves of bryophyllum bear adventitious buds (in the notches of leaf margin) which develop into new plants. Artificial 1. Grafting : E.g. Mango. 2. Cutting : E.g. Rose 3. Layering : E.g. Jasmine 4. Tissue adture : E.g. Orchids, Ornamental Plants. Benefits of Vegetative Propagation 1. Plants can bear flowers, fruits earlier than those produced from seeds. 2. Growing plants like Banana, orange, rose, jasmine that have lost the capacity to produce seeds. 3. Genetical similarity is maintained in the plants. 4. Helps in growing seedless fruits. 5. Cheaper and easier method of growing plants.