- Reaction of Acids with Metals:
When an acid reacts with a metal, then a salt and hydrogen gas is formed.
Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen gas
Example - When dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with the metal zinc, zinc chloride is formed with the evolution of hydrogen gas.
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When the reaction between an acid and a metal takes place, there will be formation of gas bubbles.
When these gas bubbles are passed through soap solution, gas filled soap bubbles rise into the air. When a burning candle is brought near a gas-filled soap bubble, the gas present in the soap-bubble burns with a 'pop' sound. Only hydrogen gas burns making a 'pop' sound. This shows that hydrogen gas is evolved in the process.
- How do Metal Carbonates and Metal Hydrogencarbonates React with Acids?
When an acid reacts with a metal carbonate then a salt, carbon dioxide and water are produced.
Example: When dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium carbonate, then sodium chloride, carbon dioxide and water are formed.
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When an acid reacts with a metal hydrogen carbonate, then a salt, carbon dioxide gas and water are formed.
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All metal carbonates and hydrogencarbonates react with acids to give a corresponding salt, carbon dioxide and water.
Hence, the reaction when metal carbonates and hydrogencarbonates react with acids can be summed up as:
Metal carbonate/Metal hydrogencarbonate + Acid → Salt + Carbon dioxide + Water
- How do Acids and Bases React with each other?
The reaction between an acid and a base to form salt and water is called a neutralisation reaction.
Base + Acid → Salt + Water
When hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide solution, then a neutralisation reaction takes place to form sodium chloride and water.
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- Reaction of Metallic Oxides with Acids:
Acids react with metal to form salt and water.
Metal oxide + Acid → Salt + Water
Example: Copper Oxide is a metal oxide. Dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with copper oxide to form copper chloride and water;
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- Reaction of a Non-metallic Oxide with Base:
Bases react with non-metallic oxides to form salt and water.
For Example: Calcium hydroxide reacts with non-metallic oxides like carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate salt and water.
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 → CaCO3 + H2O
- What Do All Acids And All Bases have in Common?
Acids:
An acid is a substance which dissociates (or ionises) when dissolved in water to release hydrogen ions.
For Example:
An aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid dissociates to form hydrogen ions. Since hydrogen ions do not exist as H+ in solution, they combine with polar water molecules to form hydronium ions [H3O+].
HCl(aq) → H+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
H++ H2O → H3O+
The presence of hydrogen ions [H+] in hydrochloric acid solution makes it behave like an acid.
Test
Meghna Thapar 5 years, 2 months ago
When an acid reacts with a metal, then a salt and hydrogen gas is formed.
Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen gas
Example - When dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with the metal zinc, zinc chloride is formed with the evolution of hydrogen gas.
When the reaction between an acid and a metal takes place, there will be formation of gas bubbles.
When these gas bubbles are passed through soap solution, gas filled soap bubbles rise into the air. When a burning candle is brought near a gas-filled soap bubble, the gas present in the soap-bubble burns with a 'pop' sound. Only hydrogen gas burns making a 'pop' sound. This shows that hydrogen gas is evolved in the process.
When an acid reacts with a metal carbonate then a salt, carbon dioxide and water are produced.
Example: When dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium carbonate, then sodium chloride, carbon dioxide and water are formed.
When an acid reacts with a metal hydrogen carbonate, then a salt, carbon dioxide gas and water are formed.
All metal carbonates and hydrogencarbonates react with acids to give a corresponding salt, carbon dioxide and water.
Hence, the reaction when metal carbonates and hydrogencarbonates react with acids can be summed up as:
Metal carbonate/Metal hydrogencarbonate + Acid → Salt + Carbon dioxide + Water
The reaction between an acid and a base to form salt and water is called a neutralisation reaction.
Base + Acid → Salt + Water
When hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide solution, then a neutralisation reaction takes place to form sodium chloride and water.
Acids react with metal to form salt and water.
Metal oxide + Acid → Salt + Water
Example: Copper Oxide is a metal oxide. Dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with copper oxide to form copper chloride and water;
Bases react with non-metallic oxides to form salt and water.
For Example: Calcium hydroxide reacts with non-metallic oxides like carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate salt and water.
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 → CaCO3 + H2O
Acids:
An acid is a substance which dissociates (or ionises) when dissolved in water to release hydrogen ions.
For Example:
An aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid dissociates to form hydrogen ions. Since hydrogen ions do not exist as H+ in solution, they combine with polar water molecules to form hydronium ions [H3O+].
HCl(aq) → H+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
H++ H2O → H3O+
The presence of hydrogen ions [H+] in hydrochloric acid solution makes it behave like an acid.
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