Write a few lines on:- (a) …

The Duma (i) During the 1905 Revolution, the Tsar allowed the creation of an elected consultative Parliament or Duma as it was called in Russia. (ii) The Tsar dismissed the first Duma within 75 days and the second Duma was reelected within three months. (iii) The third Duma was packed with conservative politicians Liberals and revolutionaries were kept out of the Duma.   

The Liberals (i) The liberals were one of the groups which wanted to change the society. The liberals wanted a nation which tolerated all religions. (ii) At that time the European states usually discriminated in favour of one religion or another. (iii) Liberals also opposed the uncontrolled power of dynastic rulers. They wanted to safeguard the rights of, the individuals against governments. (iv) They argued for a representative elected Parliamentary Government subject to laws interpreted by a well trained Judiciary that was independent of rulers and officials. (v) They did not believe in universal adult franchise, i.e., the right of every citizen to vote. They felt that men of property mainly should have the right to vote. They did not want the vote for women.