What syllabus of science

COURSE STRUCTURE CLASS X (Annual Examination) Marks: 80 Unit No. Unit Marks I Chemical Substances-Nature and Behaviour 26 II World of Living 23 III Natural Phenomena 12 IV Effects of Current 14 V Natural Resources 05 Total 80 Internal assessment 20 Grand Total 100 Theme: Materials Unit I: Chemical Substances - Nature and Behaviour Chemical reactions: Chemical equation, Balanced chemical equation, implications of a balanced chemical equation, types of chemical reactions: combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement, precipitation, neutralization, oxidation and reduction. Acids, bases and salts: Their definitions in terms of furnishing of H+ and OH- ions, General properties, examples and uses, concept of pH scale (Definition relating to logarithm not required), importance of pH in everyday life; preparation and uses of Sodium Hydroxide, Bleaching powder, Baking soda, Washing soda and Plaster of Paris. Metals and nonmetals: Properties of metals and non-metals; Reactivity series; Formation and properties of ionic compounds. Carbon compounds: Covalent bonding in carbon compounds. Versatile nature of carbon. Homologous series. Periodic classification of elements: Need for classification, early attempts at classification of elements (Dobereiner’s Triads, Newland’s Law of Octaves, Mendeleev’s Periodic Table), Modern periodic table, gradation in properties, valency, atomic number, metallic and non-metallic properties. Theme: The World of the Living Unit II: World of Living Life processes: ‘Living Being’. Basic concept of nutrition, respiration, transport and excretion in plants and animals. Reproduction:Reproduction in animals and plants (asexual and sexual) reproductive health- need and methods of family planning. Safe *** vs HIV/AIDS. Child bearing and women’s health. Heredity: Heredity; Mendel’s contribution- Laws for inheritance of traits: *** determination: brief introduction; Theme: Natural Phenomena Unit III: Natural Phenomena Reflection of light by curved surfaces; Images formed by spherical mirrors, centre of curvature, principal axis, principal focus, focal length, mirror formula (Derivation not required), magnification. Refraction; Laws of refraction, refractive index. Refraction of light by spherical lens; Image formed by spherical lenses; Lens formula (Derivation not required); Magnification. Power of a lens. Refraction of light through a prism, dispersion of light, scattering of light, applications in daily life. Theme: How Things Work Unit IV: Effects of Current Electric current, potential difference and electric current. Ohm’s law; Resistance, Resistivity, Factors on which the resistance of a conductor depends. Series combination of resistors, parallel combination of resistors and its applications in daily life. Heating effect of electric current and its applications in daily life. Electric power, Interrelation between P, V, I and R. Magnetic effects of current : Magnetic field, field lines, field due to a current carrying conductor, field due to current carrying coil or solenoid; Force on current carrying conductor, Fleming’s Left Hand Rule, Electric Motor, Electromagnetic induction. Induced potential difference, Induced current. Fleming’s Right Hand Rule. Theme: Natural Resources Unit V: Natural Resources Our environment: Eco-system, Environmental problems, Ozone depletion, waste production and their solutions. Biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances.