Describe various technological and institutional reforms …

Green Revolution

• Agriculture was given the top priority in Five Year Plans.

• The development of HYV seeds of wheat in the early 60s, and those of rice in 70s laid the foundation of the Green Revolution in India.

• Several schemes for irrigation were undertaken, and arid and semi-arid areas were brought under cultivation.

• Collectivisation, consolidation of holdings, abolition of the Zamindari system, etc., were given top priority.

• Cropped insurance scheme was launched by the government to protect the farmers against losses caused by crop failure on account of natural calamities like drought, flood, hailstorm, cyclone, fire, etc.

• Easy availability of capital or investment.

•  Special weather bulletins for farmers are introduced on newspaper, radio and television.

• The Government fixes the price of crops at Mandi, so that farmers may not get exploited by the market or mediators.

White Revolution

• A number of cattle development projects have been initiated by the government.

• Dairy co-operative which perform the following functions:

(i) They collect and market milk.

(ii) They provide butter and cheese to urban population.

(iii) They have ended the exploitation by the middle men.