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Important Parallels of Latitudes: Apart from the equator (0⁰) and the Poles (90⁰); there are four important parallels of latitudes. They are as follows:

1. Tropic of Cancer 23.5⁰ N (23⁰ 30’N) or 23 degrees 30 minute north
2. Tropic of Capricorn 23.5⁰ S (23⁰ 30’S) or 23 degrees 30 minute south
3. Arctic Circle 66.5⁰ N (66⁰ 30’N) or 66 degrees 30 minute north
4. Antarctic Circle 66.5⁰ N (66⁰ 30’N) or 66 degrees 30 minute south

Fig: Important Parallels

The Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle are present in the Northern Hemisphere. The Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle are present in the Southern Hemisphere.

Heat Zones of the Earth

Torrid Zone: Between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn, the mid-day sun is exactly overhead at least once in a year on all latitudes. This happens because the sun rays come straight to these latitudes at least once in a year. So, this part of the earth receives the maximum heat from the sun. This zone is called the Torrid Zone.

Temperate Zones: Beyond the tropics, the mid-day sun is never overhead. This happens because the sun rays come at a slant in these areas. So, this part of the earth receives mild temperature. These zones are called the Temperate Zones.

Frigid Zone: Areas between the Arctic Circle and the North Pole and those between the Antarctic Circle and the South Pole receive sun rays at a big slant. Due to this, the sun is never much above the horizon. So, this part of the earth receives the least amount of heat and remains very cold. These zones are called Frigid Zones.