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What do u mean by saponification?

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What do u mean by saponification?

Posted by Arjun Kashyap 5 years, 8 months ago

CBSE > Class 10 > Science

1 answers

Yogita Ingle 5 years, 8 months ago

Saponification is the hydrolysis of an ester under acidic or basic conditions to form an alcohol and the salt of a carboxylic acid. Saponification is commonly used to refer to the reaction of a metallic alkali (base) with a fat or oil to form soap.

Example:

Ethanoic acid reacts with alcohols in the presence of a conc. sulphuric acid to form esters.

C₂H₅OH + CH₃COOH → CH₃COOC₂H₅ + H₂O

The ester, on treating with a base such as NaOH is converted back to alcohol and sodium salt of carboxylic acid. The reaction is known as saponification because it is used in the manufacture of soap.

CH₃COOC₂H₅ + NaOH → C₂H₅OH + CH₃COONa

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