"Communalism can take various forms in …

Communalism can take various forms in politics :
(i) The most common expression of communalism is in everyday beliefs. It involves religious, prejudices, belief in the superiority of one’s religion over others.
(ii) When it tries to have political dominance of one's own religious community, especially by the majority community, it leads to the desire in minority community to form a separate political unit.
(iii) Political mobilisation on religious lines is another form of communalism. It involves the use of sacred symbols, religious leaders, emotional appeal and plain fear in order to bring the followers of one religion together in the political arena. In electoral politics, it leads to emotional appeals to the voters of one religion in preference to others.
(iv) Sometimes communalism takes its ugliest form — communal violence, riots and massacres. This we have seen in the case of India and Pakistan at the time of partition of the country.